Furnaces – Refuse incinerator – Refuse suspended in or supported by a fluid medium
Patent
1996-12-18
1999-09-28
Bennett, Henry A.
Furnaces
Refuse incinerator
Refuse suspended in or supported by a fluid medium
110263, 16510416, 122 4D, F23G 500
Patent
active
059570660
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fluidized-bed thermal reaction apparatus usable, for example, as a fluidized-bed combustion apparatus, a fluidized-bed gasification apparatus, or a fluidized-bed carbonization system, in which solid combustible matter containing incombustible components, e.g. industrial waste, urban waste, or coal, is burned or gasified in a fluidized-bed furnace. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fluidized-bed thermal reaction apparatus capable of smoothly discharging incombustible components from a fluidized-bed furnace, avoiding deposition of incombustible components at a specific portion in the furnace, uniformly and efficiently burning or gasifying the combustible matter, and stably recovering a product such as thermal energy or combustible gas.
Prior Art
With the development of the economy, the amount of solid combustible matter containing incombustible components, e.g. industrial waste or urban waste, is steadily increasing. Such combustible substances contain a large amount of energy but vary in property, shape, etc. and have a large amount of incombustible matter of irregular form mixed therein. Therefore, it is difficult to stably burn such combustible substances for effective utilization of energy, or to gasify them to produce combustible gas.
JP-A-4-214110 (Japanese Patent Application Unexamined Publication (KOKAI) No. 4-214110) discloses a fluidized-bed combustion apparatus for waste matter in which waste matter containing incombustible matter is burned in a fluidized-bed furnace, and during combustion, the incombustible matter is smoothly discharged to the outside of the furnace, thereby enabling stabilized combustion. In a combustion apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of this publication, an incombustible matter discharge opening 50 is formed between an air diffusing plate 40 and a furnace wall, and a top surface 44 of the air diffusing plate is tilted such that the side of the top surface 44 which is closer to the incombustible matter discharge opening 50 is lower in level, and a larger amount of air is supplied to the lower side of the air diffusing plate 40 than to the higher side of the plate 40. However, at the lower side of the air diffusing plate 40, the fluidized bed is vigorously fluidized by a large amount of air supplied. Therefore, the fluidized bed shows properties close to those of liquids. Accordingly, in the fluidized bed, substances whose specific gravity is larger than the fluidized bed settle, while substances whose specific gravity is smaller than the fluidized bed float therein. That is, so-called gravity separation action occurs. Therefore, incombustible components of large specific gravity settle and, in consequence undesirably deposit on the furnace bottom before reaching the incombustible matter discharge opening 50. Moreover, because the incombustible matter discharge opening 50, which is not supplied with the fluidizing gas, opens in the planar surface of the furnace bottom, a portion of the fluidized bed which lies over the incombustible matter discharge opening 50 is not stabilized.
A thermal processing apparatus shown in FIG. 11 of the publication of JP-A-4-214110 has air diffusing plates 90a and 90b with downwardly inclined surfaces extending from the center of the furnace toward two incombustible matter discharge openings 95a and 95b, respectively, and air diffusing plates 90c and 90d with downwardly inclined surfaces extending from the surface side walls toward the incombustible matter discharge openings 95a and 95b, respectively. A larger amount of air is supplied from air diffusing plates close to the incombustible matter discharge openings than from other portions through air chambers 93c and 93e. The fluidized bed that is vigorously fluidized by a large amount of air exhibits properties close to those of liquids. Thus, so-called gravity separation occurs in the fluidized bed. That is, substances whose specific gravity is larger than the fluidized bed settle, while substances whose specific gravity is
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Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 017, No. 447 (M-1464), Apr. 20, 1993, * Abstract *.
Nagato Shuichi
Oshita Takahiro
Bennett Henry A.
Ebara Corporation
Tinker Susanne C.
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