Liquid heaters and vaporizers – Miscellaneous
Patent
1988-11-21
1990-06-12
Yuen, Henry C.
Liquid heaters and vaporizers
Miscellaneous
110216, 110245, F22B 100
Patent
active
049323636
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor apparatus comprising a reactor chamber, a separator for separating solid material or particles from the flue gases and means for returning the separated solids to the reactor chamber.
In fluidized bed reactors, some of the fluidized solid particles follow the flue gases as these are discharged from the reactor chamber. To purify the gases and to recover the solids, the solids have to be separated from the gases, which is why fluidized bed reactors are usually equipped with a cyclone separator. Especially in big fluidized bed reactors, where the gas flows are substantial and several separators operating side by side are needed, the channel system required by the gases is complicated.
It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus of a simple construction for separating solids and for returning them to the reactor chamber. The apparatus according to the invention is suitable for slow as well as for fast-operating fluidized bed reactors, the latter of which contain considerable amounts of solids to be separated from the flue gases and to be returned to the reactor.
The apparatus according to the invention utilizes concentration of solid particles, brought about by centrifugal force, on the periphery of a gas flow conveyed along a curved surface, whereby a major part of the particles contained in the gas become separated. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, solid particles are separated simultaneously by leading the rest of the gas containing solid particles through flow channels or passages which cause changes in the flow direction of the gas and in which channels the particles are, thanks to inertia forces, separated from the gas flow and discharged. Use of the separator based on the latter phenomenon as disclosed in the Swedish patent application 8201589-2.
The invention is mainly characterized in that the separator in the fluidized bed reactor has a separation chamber which comprises a curved upper wall and a lower wall that forms a gas outlet or outlets and that these walls are connected to the solids returning duct or ducts.
The invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a vertical section of a fluidized bed reactor in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged section of FIG. 1 taken along line A--A;
FIG. 3 is a vertical section of a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged section of FIG. 3 taken along line B--B of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic elevational view of the reactor when viewed in the direction of arrow C of FIG. 3.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a fluidized bed steam boiler 1 having a combustion chamber 2 which is by known methods formed with tubular walls. The upper part of the combustion chamber 2 is provided with a fuel gas outlet 5 between front wall 3 and roof 4. Above the roof 4 of the combustion chamber there is a wall 6, which, together with the roof 4, forms a gas inlet channel 8 leading to separation chamber 7. The separation chamber 7 comprises a curved upper wall 9 connected to the wall 6 and a curved lower wall 10 having an opening and being connected to the roof 4. The walls 9 and 10 are connected to a solids returning duct 11 leading to the bottom part of the combustion chamber.
The upper wall of the separation chamber 7 forms a cylindrical surface of approximately 90.degree.. The lower wall of the separation chamber is composed of tubes 12 belonging to the water/steam system of the boiler. Every other of said tubes is, as shown in FIG. 2, bent apart or displaced so as to form openings 13 for passage of gas between adjacent tubes. Through these openings 13, the separation chamber is in contact with a convection part 14, which is next to the combustion chamber 7 and is provided with heat transfer surfaces 15 as schematically illustrated.
At the bottom part of the convection part 14, there is a gas outlet 16 which is connected by means of a tube 17 to a cyclone separator 18
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A. Ahlstrom Corporation
Yuen Henry C.
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