Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-01-27
2001-08-28
Jagannathan, Vasu (Department: 1714)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
C106S031600, C347S100000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06281269
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to dyes, and more particularly, waterfast ink-jet ink compositions containing the same. The dyes of this invention, when interacted with a second reactive fluid, provides permanence benefits, such as: smearfastness, smudgefastness, and waterfastness.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of ink-jet printing systems has grown dramatically in recent years. This growth may be attributed to substantial improvements in print resolution and overall print quality, coupled with appreciable reduction in cost. Today's ink-jet printers offer acceptable print quality for many industrial, commercial, business and residential applications at costs fully an order of magnitude lower than comparable products available just a few years ago. Notwithstanding their recent success, intensive research and development efforts continue toward improving the permanence issues of ink-jet images.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
Fluid—includes either or both the reactant fluid and ink compositions.
Reaction—means that the solubility or phase state of one or more components is changed as to immobilize the movement of at least one colorant on the print medium in the event that one fluid comes in contact with another fluid and interacts.
Reactant Fluid—also known as a 5
th
pen fluid or fixer fluid. A fluid that is typically substantially devoid of color (i.e., the reactant fluid may contain no colorant (e.g., dye or pigment), or it may contain a colorant that does not absorb visible light but may absorb in either or both the IR or UV spectrums). The reactant fluid comprises a component (a molecule or complex, or a functional group in a molecule or complex) that is reactive with a component (a molecule or complex, or a functional group in a molecule or complex), including the colorant, in an ink thus providing for enhanced image integrity of printed areas created with the ink, such as, increased permanent (e.g. waterfastness, smearfastness, etc.) or bleed alleviation; improved color vibrancy, improved edge acuity, or reduced dry time; in the event that the reactant fluid and the ink are printed at least partially on a same pre-determined area on a print medium, or on pre-determined areas adjacent one another on a print medium. The reactive fluid is reactive with at least one ink formulated according to the present invention.
Ink—a fluid containing at least one colorant, the ink absorbing in one or more regions (e.g., visible, IR, UV, etc.). Ink-jet printers typically contain an ink set with black, magenta, cyan, and yellow inks, commonly known as a 4-pen ink set. Additional pens with additional color inks may also be present.
In the remainder of the disclosure, by way of example, unless stated otherwise, ‘image integrity’ will be used to describe the desired effect obtained as the result of the reaction between reactive fluids, for example, between an ink reactive with the reactant fluid or between two inks reactive with one another. Furthermore, the term ‘image integrity’ will encompass print attributes such as bleed alleviation, reduced dry time, smudgefastness, smearfastness, permanence, increased optical density, and waterfastness that may be affected as a result of the reaction between two reactive fluids. Additionally, when referring to an ink reaction with the reactant fluid, the ink may be also reactive with another, second ink.
The present invention is directed to fluid sets, in particular for use in coloring applications, and more particularly for use in ink-jet printing. The present fluid set combines the benefits of interactive fluids while utilizing dyes providing enhanced image integrity to the ink-jet formula. The fluid set may be used in many applications of aqueous-based printing inks, in particular ink-jet inks for use in commercially available ink-jet printers such as DESKJET® printers, manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company, of Delaware; and other commercially available home or office ink-jet printers.
Aqueous inks of this invention comprise, by weight, from about 0.5 to about 20 wt % colorant, preferably from about 1 to about 10%, and more preferably from about 1 to about 6 wt % colorant; from about 1 to about 40 wt % of one or more organic solvents; and optionally up to about 20 wt % of an additive independently selected from the group consisting of immobilizing agents, surfactants, buffers, biocides, and mixtures thereof, with the proviso that at least one colorant in at least one ink is selected from dyes according to Formula I, II, III or IV.
Colorants
At least one of the inks of the present fluid set contains at least one colorant according to the present invention (i.e., ‘first colorant’), the colorant selected from the group consisting of dyes of Formula I, II, III and IV. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the dyes of this invention interact with the reactive fluid, or 5
th
fluid, to form a gel or precipitate on the media which provides the benefits referred to above. It is believed that these dyes interact with the print media (cellulose fibers making up paper) through hydrogen bonding interactions and do not penetrate the paper as quickly as many other dyes. This allows time for the interaction between the dyes and the reactive fluid to form the gel or precipitate, thereby providing the benefit.
For ease of reference, as used herein, the term ‘first colorant’ refers to dyes of the present invention while the term ‘second colorant’ refers to all other suitable colorants that may be used in conjunction with the first colorant of this invention in an inkset.
Other colorants (‘second colorants’) may be dye-based and/or pigments based. As used herein, the term ‘pigment’ refers to a colorant that is insoluble in the aqueous vehicle, and includes disperse dyes as well as pigments that are either dispersed with the aid of a dispersant or those that are self-dispersed. The term ‘colorant’ refers to either or both ‘first’ and ‘second’ colorant.
The first colorants of the present invention are represented by any of the following structures:
Wherein
D is the chromophore;
R
1
is H or C
1
-C
5
, preferably H or CH
3
, and more preferably H;
R
2
is a carbohydrate as defined by substructure A;
R
3
is C
1
-C
5
, preferably CH
3
;
R
4
is a carbohydrate as defined by substructure B;
R
5
is defined by substructure C;
R
6
is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —R
7
CO
2
H wherein R
7
is an aromatic or aliphatic moiety substituted with a CO
2
H group, —R
8
SO
3
H wherein R
8
is an aromatic or aliphatic moiety substituted with an —SO
3
H group, NR
1
R
8
wherein R
8
is an aromatic moiety, —C≡N, —Cl, D wherein D is a chromophore as defined above; and NR
2
R
5
(amino carbohydrate) wherein R
2
and R
5
are as defined above.
Wherein
m is 1-5, preferably 1-2, and more preferably 1;
n is 2-7, preferably 3-5, and more preferably 4;
w is 0-4, preferably 0-1, and more preferably 0;
x is 2-7, preferably 2-5, and more preferably 3;
y is 0-1, preferably 1;
z is 0-3, preferably 0-1, and more preferably 0.
In the preferred embodiment, R
6
is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —R
7
CO
2
H, —R
8
SO
3
H, and —NR
1
R
8
, and more preferably, R
4
is —OH or R
7
CO
2
H; wherein R
1
, R
7
and R
8
are as defined above.
The suitable starting dye (parent) for Formula I, Formula II and Formula III dyes contains a chromophore and has a primary or secondary amine functionality (i.e., —NHR
1
). The suitable starting dye (parent) for Formula IV contains a chromophore and has a primary or secondary amine functionality (i.e., —NHR
1
). Furthermore, the starting dye may be a commercial dye having a chloro-substituted triazabenzene reactive group (e.g., compound C1) or it may be a dye without such a reactive group (e.g., compound C2), in which case the latter dye may be reacted with a chloro-substituted triazabenzene ring (compound C3) to produce the former dye containing the reactive group (see Reaction Schemes 1-4) before the synthesis of the dyes of the present invention.
Examples of suitable s
Hewlett--Packard Company
Jagannathan Vasu
Jones Michael D.
Shosho Callie E.
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