Motors: expansible chamber type – Three or more cylinders arranged in parallel radial or... – Separate motive fluid control for each working chamber
Patent
1983-06-13
1986-07-08
Hershkovitz, Abraham
Motors: expansible chamber type
Three or more cylinders arranged in parallel radial or...
Separate motive fluid control for each working chamber
91189A, 91192, 91490, 91491, 91499, F01B 100
Patent
active
045986274
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to fluid motors and more particularly to motors in which the operating fluid is a gas, such as air.
The invention is particularly concerned with fluid motors in which a plurality of pistons, whose reciprocation is controlled by the fluid, cooperate with a cam member to produce the rotational output from the motor and wherein the pistons also act as valve members controlling the fluid flow. Various designs of such a motor have been proposed, in many of which the rotor consists of an eccentric or twin lobe cam member which is caused to rotate in response to the actuation of a plurality of pistons disposed about and associated with the rotor. However, existing designs suffer from a number of disadvantages amongst which are relatively low power output and uneven torque, relatively poor low speed and starting characteristics and undesirably high vibration and noise.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved fluid motor.
The present invention consists in a fluid motor having two relatively rotatable parts, one of said parts comprising a cam member having at least three similar lobes and the other of said parts comprising at least four cylinders each containing a reciprocatable piston, each piston and its associated cylinder also acting as a slide valve so as to control the supply of fluid to one of the other pistons and the exhausting of fluid from another of the other pistons, said pistons producing a force on said cam member to effect the relative rotation of said parts.
Advantageously separate passages are provided for supplying fluid to the pistons and for exhausting fluid from the pistons and the fluid supply passages and fluid exhaust passages are similar so that the function of the passages can be interchanged thereby enabling the motor to be rotated in either direction. Moreover, each cylinder piston combination is preferably constructed so as to provide a controlled leak or bleed past the piston for the reasons which will be hereinafter explained.
In one construction according to the invention the pistons are disposed radially around the longitudinal axis of the cam member and one end of each piston is connected to a cam follower which engages with the cam member.
In an alternative construction the cylinders are disposed around and parallel to a central axis of the motor and a cam member cooperating with the pistons is disposed at at least one end of the motor. In such a construction the pistons may be double-ended, a cam member being disposed at each of two opposite ends of the motor.
Preferably each cylinder is formed with two groups of ports each of which cooperates with a separate cavity in the associated piston so as to form two slide valves controlling respectively the supply and exhausting of the fluid.
In a preferred construction the motor comprises a body including the cylinders and has fluid supply and exhaust passages formed as channels in at least one surface of the body and communicating with the ports in the cylinders, and at least one cover is secured to the body to cover the channels and thereby form enclosed passages.
In one specific form of the motor the body is generally cylindrical and has the channels formed in its end surfaces and covered by end plates. In another form of the motor the body is a cylinder having the channels formed in the annular cylinder surface and covered by a cylindrical sleeve.
The invention also provides a method of operating a fluid motor as above described which consists in applying fluid simultaneously to both the fluid supply and exhaust passages so as to brake the motor and hold it against rotation.
The invention further provides the method of operating a fluid motor as above described which consists in removing the fluid supply whereby the pistons are allowed to move out of contact with the cam member and hence the rotatable part of the motor can rotate freely until the fluid supply is restored and wherein fluid is bled past the pistons to bring adjacent pistons back into contact with the cam member.
Th
REFERENCES:
patent: 46470 (1865-02-01), Hicks
patent: 2931312 (1960-04-01), Donner
patent: 3075504 (1963-01-01), Vogel
patent: 3150603 (1964-09-01), Yarger
patent: 3266436 (1966-08-01), Yarger
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