Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Treatment of live animal
Reexamination Certificate
2001-11-02
2002-07-30
Sayala, Chhaya D. (Department: 1761)
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Treatment of live animal
C426S805000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06426101
ABSTRACT:
DESCRIPTION
The present invention is concerned with novel flake feeds for aquatic animals, especially fish, shrimps and invertebrates, in fresh and sea water and is also concerned with a process for the production thereof.
The production of cereal flakes, for example of rolled oats, for human nutrition with the help of a flaking process is known. Cereal flakes are products of hulling which are preponderantly produced from oats, wheat, rye, barley, millet and rice. For the production of rolled oats, whole grains, as well as groats, are converted into a formable, elastic structure by hydrothermal treatment. The damped material is applied uniformly to a flaking cylinder mill, the pressure of which can be regulated hydraulically. A differentiation is made between large leaf flakes (flakes from the whole grain) with about 0.5 mm rolling-out thickness and small leaf flakes (flakes from groats) with 0.3 mm rolling-out thickness.
Flake feeds are also known for the nutrition of warm and cold water ornamental fish in fresh and sea water. At present, flake feeds for fish are characterised in that they are produced with drum driers. Drum drying is a process for the drying of raw material mixtures which are made liquid to pasty by the addition of water. At the moment, it represents the state of the art and is generally available, Therefore, flake feed for ornamental fish from different manufacturers scarcely differ superficially.
In the case of the production of flake feeds for ornamental fish, an internally heated roller is impinged against uniformly by means of an application device over the whole length of the roller with a previously pasted, viscous raw material mixture (moisture content of the paste about 75%) which, in the case of rotation, the roller takes with it as a thin film on the surface of the roller. During the rotary movement, the water evaporates, which requires a high supply of energy. The dried product is removed with a moisture content of about 2 to 5% by means of knives as a flake strip from the surface of the roller. The final moisture content, which plays an important part for the techanical properties, especially the brittleness of the feed flakes, as well as for the acceptance thereof, can only be adjusted within narrow limits in the case of this process. The thickness of the flake strip produced according to the above-mentioned process is about 0,15 mm, depending upon the raw materials used, and cannot be varied very much. The steam temperature for beating the roller is 120 to 165° C. Therefore, heat-labile raw materials, for example enzymes and probiotics, cannot be used. After the production process, a comminution of the cohering flake strip takes place to give a saleable flake feed which consists of individual flakes of differing sizes which are characterised by an uneven form and which find use for the nutrition of aquatic animals, especially of ornamental fish.
The object of the present invention is the development of novel flake feeds, especially for aquatic animals, for example fish, shrimps and invertebrates, which can be used in fresh and sea water and especially for warm and cold water ornamental fish in aguaria and garden ponds which, for the user, differ comprehensibly from the products previously on the market with regard to thickness, brittleness, consistency and/or external form or by the use of hitherto not usable, heat-labile raw materials.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that, by means of a special production process, the rolling out of individually formed bodies, preferably produced with an extruder, for example a double-screw extruder or expander, such feed flakes can be produced. Without additional working steps, this process provides uniformly shaped flakes with a veriable thickness of from 10 &mgr;m to 5 mm and preferably of from 80 to 140 &mgr;m. Due to the possibility of a variation of the flake form, of the flake thickness and of the flake moisture content, as well as due to the possibility of using heat-labile raw materials, the flakes so produced possess substantially better properties than the flake feeds at present known.
Therefore, the subject of the present invention are novel flake feeds for aquatic animals, for example fish, shrimps and invertebrates, in fresh and sea water which are characterised in that the flakes have an uniform shape, a variable thickness and a water content of from 1 to 30% and preferably of from 4 to 25%.
REFERENCES:
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Heine Rudiger
Kuhlmann Dietmar
Kürzinger Hubert
Schmidt Hartmut
Federman Evan J.
Little Darryl C.
Sayala Chhaya D.
Warner-Lambert & Company
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