Firearms – Breech loading – Sliding breechblock
Patent
1983-06-17
1985-10-22
Jordan, Charles T.
Firearms
Breech loading
Sliding breechblock
42 15B, F41C 1100, F41C 2112
Patent
active
045479887
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a firearm system with a cylinder bolt mechanism consisting of a bolt and a receiver together with a cartridge chamber in the firearm barrel which is screwed securely into the fore-end of the receiver.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
The overwhelming majority of existing target rifles and hunting rifles is based on the hundred-year-old Mauser system or on modifications of it. The repeater action requires the mainspring to be tensioned by a final rotational movement of the bolt handle. The cartridge chamber in the classic design is in the form of a counterbore in the rear end of the barrel, and the bolt tip is brought into contact with the end of the barrel, whereby locking takes place between the locking lugs on the bolt tip and the recesses in the receiver.
This classic firearm system exhibits a large number of outstanding characteristics, such as high reliability, robust construction and comparatively uncomplicated manufacture, etc., which has also made this the predominant firearm system for more than one hundred years. Nevertheless, it has been a known fact for a long time that the locking arrangement should lie as close as possible to the centre of the explosion in order to achieve the highest accuracy. It has also been suggested that the locking system should be situated inside the barrel itself, whereby the cartridge chamber would have to be advanced slightly further into the barrel. Those designs which have been proposed were, however, so complicated to manufacture that no production was set up on a commercial scale.
Simplifications to the bolt handle action have also been suggested. One avenue of development abandoned the rotating repeater action entirely and proposed a rectilinear action in its place, this being the so-called straight-pull-action. An early design is specified, for instance, in Swedish Pat. No. 748, published in 1886. This Patent emphasizes the fundamental advantage of the rectilinear bolt handle action over the prevalent, rotating bolt handle action: the high rate of repeat fire achieved because the hand does not need to be rotated and because the rifle does not need to be lowered from the shoulder. This also offers the potential for greater accuracy, whether in the area of target shooting or hunting. The mechanism specified in SE No. 748 was, however, technically highly imperfect and was unable to prevent the field of technical developments from being dominated by mechanisms based on the Mauser system and other similar systems which utilize a rotating bolt handle action. A large number of designs of cylinder mechanisms with a rectilinear bolt handle action have been introduced over the years. Thus, German Patent Specification No. 84 429 published in 1894 describes a cylinder mechanism with a bolt exhibiting front locking lugs or claws so arranged as to be capable of being introduced into a locking chamber in the receiver for the purpose of locking the mechanism in the locking chamber after the bolt has been rotated with the help of threads on the bolt. In German Patent Specification No. 135 970 published in 1900 this principle was developed further. The bolt is now equipped with a moving bolt head. The locking chamber is still arranged inside the receiver, however. This means, amongst other things, that the manufacturing process is more complicated. The rest of the design of the mechanism also presents major manufacturing problems, and yet the Patent Specification fails to suggest any complete solution to the problem. The picture would be complicated even further by several functions, such as an effective safety function and protection against bursting of the casing, etc., which are not provided for. In spite of its great potential, this type of mechanism did not achieve any success, apparently because no design was offered which combined the outstanding technical performance with adequate manufacturing economy.
A different avenue of development retained the rotational bolt handle action, but designed the system in such a way that
REFERENCES:
patent: 1124071 (1915-01-01), Stamm
patent: 1155326 (1915-09-01), Stamm
patent: 1234783 (1917-07-01), Mauser
patent: 1568635 (1926-01-01), Speer
patent: 3027672 (1962-04-01), Sullivan
patent: 3653140 (1972-04-01), Alday
patent: 3710492 (1973-01-01), Tirrell
patent: 3742638 (1973-07-01), Archer
patent: 4154142 (1979-05-01), Schwegler
patent: 4454672 (1984-06-01), Timari
Jordan Charles T.
Parr Ted L.
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