Optical: systems and elements – Holographic system or element – Using a hologram as an optical element
Patent
1992-05-28
1996-01-23
Sikes, William L.
Optical: systems and elements
Holographic system or element
Using a hologram as an optical element
359 88, 428407, G02F 11339, G02F 11345, G09F 935
Patent
active
054869412
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a fine sphere used as a spherical spacer for a liquid crystal display element, a conductive fine sphere and the like. More particularly, it relates to a spherical spacer for a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal display element using same, and a conductive fine sphere.
BACKGROUND ART
FIG. 7 shows a typical liquid crystal display element of a TN (twisted nematic) mode using conventional spacers.
This liquid crystal display element comprises a pair of substrates 37, 39, spacers 38 disposed between the pair of substrates 37, 39 so as to maintain a constant cell gap therebeween, a nematic liquid crystal 41, a sealing material 30 filled in the periphery of the cell gap between the pair of substrates 37, 39, and polarizing sheets 42, 43 coated on the surfaces of the respective substrates 37, 39.
The above-mentioned substrates 37, 39 are formed by patterning transparent electrodes 32, 35 made of ITO (Indium-Tin-Oxide) films on one surface of respective transparent substrates 31, 34 made of glass and by coating the surfaces of the transparent electrodes 32, 35 and the transparent substrates 31, 34 with alignment coat (polyimide films). The alignment coat 33, 36 are provided with alignment control by rubbing.
The spacers 38 are made from inorganic materials including aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and the like, or synthetic resin materials including benzoguanamine, polystyrene type polymer and the like. The spacers made from inorganic materials are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Laid-Open Paten Publication Nos. 63-73225 and 1-59974, and the spacers made from synthetic resin materials are disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 60-200228 and 1-293316.
The liquid crystal display element with the above-mentioned structure is usually produced as follows.
The spacers 38 are dispersed on the alignment coat 33 of the substrate 37, and resin for sealing is coated on the periphery of the substrate 37 by printing. Then, the pair of substrates 37, 39 are superimposed so that the alignment coat 33, 36 are faced to each other and pressed. The resin for sealing is hardened by heating to form a sealed material, thereby fixing the pair of substrates 37, 39 to each other. The nematic liquid crystal 41 is filled in the space between the pair of substrates 37, 39 through a hole provided in the sealing material, and after that, the hole is closed. Then, the polarizing sheets 42, 43 are layered on the outside surfaces of the transparent substrate 31, 34.
As spacers used for the above-mentioned liquid crystal display element, colored spherical spacers are often used for the following reasons.
In the liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal is optically changed to form an image by applying a voltage between the transparent electrodes. However, spacers are not optically changed by the application of a voltage. Therefore, uncolored spacers are likely to be observed as white spots in dark portions of a displayed image, resulting in a decrease in the contrast of the image display.
Colored spherical spacers made from inorganic materials are disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 62-66228, 63-89408, and 63-89890. Colored spherical spacers made from synthetic resin materials are disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 1-200227, 1-207719 and 2-214781.
Moreover, the spacers having no adhesion are not fixed to the transparent substrates, giving rise to the following disadvantages. Therefore, the adhesive coated spherical spacers are often used. assembling the liquid crystal display cell may cause scattering of spacers disposed on the substrates, resulting in loss of the spacers. process of injecting liquid crystal into the liquid crystal display cell, resulting in bias of the spacer arrangement on the substrates. arising while the liquid crystal display cell is in operation. liquid crystal display cell from outside.
These displacements of the spacers in the liquid crystal display cell decrease the cell gap precision an
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Kanki Kazuhiko
Kohara Minoru
Saiuchi Kazuo
Yamada Kunikazu
Duong Tai V.
Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.
Sikes William L.
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