Fibromyoma or carcinoma corporis uteri

Details Fibromyoma or carcinoma corporis uteri Fibromyoma or carcinoma corporis uteri

1999-02-05

2002-05-07

Marschel, Ardin H. (Department: 1631)

Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology

Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...

C435S029000, C436S063000, C436S064000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06383735

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for rapidly diagnosing a malignant disease or the precursor stages thereof from blood samples including arterial and venous blood.
For the diagnosis of malignant diseases imaging procedures such as X-ray, ultrasound, computer tomography, core spin tomography and also histological examinations of biopsis material, antibody tests and tests for more or less specific tumor markers are utilized. The last mentioned tests are performed with histological preparations and also with blood serum. The tumor markers are generally very specifically indicative only for certain types of tumors.
Problems generally occur in that these procedures have only an unsatisfying accuracy and cannot distinguish sufficiently clearly between malignant and benign types and precursor stages. For a safe diagnosis, several of these procedures are generally needed. Some of the imaging procedures involve substantial radiation exposure; and the biopsy represents a surgical procedure, which may even result in a spreading of tumor cells. In addition, these procedures are all relatively expensive. In some cases, reliable results are available only after several days of continuous evaluation.
Printed publication (1) discloses a process for the diagnosis of malignant diseases wherein arterial and venous blood of a patient is examined. In this process, the various cell populations and/or sub-populations are determined and the results of these determinations for venous and arterial blood are compared.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a rapid and economic process for diagnosing malignant diseases and their precursor stages which does not rely on imaging procedures and which can be performed in a laboratory in a simple, fast and inexpensive way.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a process for rapidly and inexpensively diagnosing malignant diseases or their precursor stages, samples of arterial and/or capillary blood and of venous blood are withdrawn from a patient and the percentage shares of three groups of blood cells in the blood samples are determined wherein a first group includes blood cells of a size ≦8 &mgr;m, a second group includes blood cells of a 9 &mgr;m and 10 &mgr;m and the third group includes blood cells of a size ≧11 &mgr;m. The percentage shares are multiplied by weighting factors &agr;
1
and &bgr;
1
, and the values
y=&Sgr;&agr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
]−&Sgr;&agr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
]
and
x=&Sgr;&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
]−&Sgr;&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
],
are calculated and from the locations of x and y in an x/y coordinate system, the presence of Ca. corp. uteri or its precursor stages is determined.
With the process according to the invention peripheral blood cells, preferably the lymphocyte population is examined. These cells are removed from the organism with arterial and/or capillary blood. The arterial blood can be taken from a peripheral artery. Instead of arterial blood, capillary blood can be used which can be taken from a fingertip or an earlobe of a patient.
In addition, venous blood is taken for example from an arm vein of a patient. The arterial blood and/or the capillary blood as well as the venous blood are examined outside the body. For the blood examination a standard blood smear test is suitable. In the test, size ratios of groups of the cells, particularly lymphocytes, are determined and are subjected to a mathematical analysis.
For performing the process, blood smears may be prepared on a microscope slide from the blood taken from an artery and/or a capillary such as the fingertip and from the blood taken from a vein. The blood cells can be dried, fixed and stained by standard procedures.
Thereafter, a size histogram of arterial and/or capillary (index A) and venous (index V) blood cells, preferably of the lymphocyte population is prepared. This can be done by microscopic measurement of diameters of about 200 blood cells, particularly about 200 lymphocytes from the smear. To this end, the respective percentage content (N
i
)
A
or, respectively, (N
i
)
V
in the three size ranges (1)≦8 &mgr;m, preferably 6 &mgr;m to 8 &mgr;m, (2) 9 &mgr;m and 10 &mgr;m and (3)≧11 &mgr;m, preferably 11 &mgr;m to 16 &mgr;m are determined with an accuracy of 1 &mgr;m (that is the blood cell diameter values are rounded to the nearest &mgr;m number). This is done in such a way that, for each of the three cell size groups in the total range of from about 6 &mgr;m to 16 &mgr;m in the arterial ({circumflex over ( )}) as well as in the venous blood (
V
) the percentage content (N
i
)
A
, or respectively, (N
i
)
V
of each of the three size ranges of the total number of the respective blood cell type is determined.
Lymphocytes <6 &mgr;m and >16 &mgr;m are generally present only in small numbers. Besides the measurement of smear samples any other procedure is suitable whereby the percentage shares of the three groups corresponding to the size ranges mentioned on the basis of the respective blood cell type can be determined.
The percentage shares of blood cells of the respective group are multiplied by weighting factors. In a first step, initially the percentage shares of the arterial and/or the capillary blood as well as the percentage shares of the venous blood are multiplied by a first weighting factor &agr;
i
which preferably for the first group of ≦8&mgr;m has the value 4, for the second group of 9 &mgr;m and 10 &mgr;m has the value 2, and for the third group of ≧11 &mgr;m has the value 4.
In any case, the weighting factors &agr;
i
for the first and the third groups should be essentially the same whereas the weighting factor for the second group is smaller.
In this way, the values of &agr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
] (arterial blood and (or capillary blood) and &agr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
] (venous blood) are obtained for the first, the second and the third group.
The values of &agr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
] and &agr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
] of the first, second and third group are added up whereby &Sgr;&agr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
] and &Sgr;&agr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
] are obtained.
In an analog manner, subsequently the percentage shares of the arterial and/or capillary blood [(N
i
)
A
] and also the percentage shares of the venous blood [(N
i
)
V
] are multiplied by a second weighting factor &bgr;
i
, which preferably
for the first group of ≦8 &mgr;m has the value 8,
for the second group of 9 &mgr;m and 10 &mgr;m has the value 4, and
for the third group of ≧11 has the value 2. With the selection of other weighting factors &bgr;
i
, it has to be taken into consideration that the numerical value of the weighting factors &bgr;
i
of the first group is the highest and is the smallest for the third group. In this way, the value of &bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
] and &Sgr;&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
] are obtained for the first, second and third group.
The values of &bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
] and &bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
] of the first, the second and the third group are added up whereby &Sgr;&bgr;
i
[N
i
)
A
] and &Sgr;&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
] are obtained.
Subsequently, the differences
X=&Sgr;&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
]−&Sgr;&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
].
X=&Sgr;&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
A
]−&bgr;
i
[(N
i
)
V
]
are calculated. The values for x and y represent for a particular patient characteristic values which can be plotted graphically in an x/y coordinate system as a point. From the position of the point, it can be concluded whether the patient is healthy, is in a precursory cancer stage, particularly a fibromyoma, or has uterus cancer (Ca. corp uteri).
The invention will be described below in greater detail on the basis of the accompanying drawing.


REFERENCES:
patent: 3916176 (1975-10-01), Alien et al.
patent: 5403719 (1995-04-01), Adachi et al.
patent: 5572028 (1996-11-01), Moscovitch et al.
patent: 6124087 (2000-09-01), Skobellzin et al.
patent: WO 90/02337 (1990-03-01), None
patent: WO

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