Fiber optic combustion pressure sensors for engine knock and mis

Details Fiber optic combustion pressure sensors for engine knock and mis Fiber optic combustion pressure sensors for engine knock and mis

1999-03-17

2000-10-17

Patel, Harshad

Measuring and testing

Fluid pressure gauge

Diaphragm

73 3501, 73 3507, G01L 708

Patent

active

06131465&

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The field of the invention pertains to fiber optic sensors instantaneously sensitive to pressure or stress in a manner that causes a beam of light to be reflectively modulated in response to changes in pressure or stress on the sensor.
In particular, in the automotive field, the ability to continuously monitor internal combustion engines for pressure fluctuations can significantly improve engine efficiency, performance, reliability and operating costs. Most importantly, the level of emissions can be reduced over the 100,000 mile effective life of the engine emissions control systems to be required by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, open and closed loop controls based on pressure information permit lean-burn engine operation, a wider tolerance to fuel octane and acceptance of alternative fuels.
Two combustion parameters, engine knock and misfire, have a particularly significant effect on overall engine performance. Combustion knock causes increased fuel consumption, reduced engine torque and engine deterioration if left uncorrected. Eventually severe damage such as perforated pistons can occur.
Misfire can result in catalyst damage and degradation that eventually cause vehicle exhaust emissions to no longer meet current or proposed emission standards. With a design 100,000 mile catalyst life, the failure to detect and correct misfire could result in operation of the vehicle for a lengthy period of time, possibly many years, with an ineffective catalyst.
The California Air Resources Board has recently proposed regulations which will require vehicles to be equipped with on-board emission monitoring systems. Such systems, in particular, will require misfire monitoring. The Environmental Protection Agency is also considering regulations to require such monitoring systems.
A low cost, reliable cylinder-selective combustion pressure sensor would permit knock and misfire detection separately for each cylinder. In addition to signalling the malfunction to the vehicle operator, a real time solid state engine control could adjust specific cylinder parameters to correct for the malfunction. The majority of the presently available or proposed knock and misfire detection techniques provide information that is not cylinder specific and therefore has limited utility for real time corrective controls. However, some recent patents disclose cylinder specific sensors. These sensors generally fall into two categories, luminosity detectors and pressure detectors.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,919,099 discloses a probe insertable into the engine cylinder combustion chamber. The probe includes a light conductive rod and fiber optic transmission bundle connected to an opto-electronic detector for instantaneous detection of the luminosity of the combustion gases within the combustion chamber. U.S. Pat. No. 5,052,214, in a similar manner, utilizes a fiber optic probe and transmission cable to sense and transmit the instantaneous luminosity to an opto-electronic detector. International Application Publication WO 89/11031 and European Application Publication EP-392-650-A also disclose optical luminosity probes for engine combustion chambers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,059 discloses an optical fiber pressure sensor comprising a plurality of fibers to transmit light to the sensor tip and a second plurality of fibers to transmit light from the tip to an opto-electronic detector. The tip comprises a reflective diaphragm sensitive to pressure changes within the combustion chamber. U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,870 to applicant discloses an optical fiber pressure sensor tip comprising a single optical fiber. The single fiber carries dual light beams of differing wavelengths as input and the reflected return light beams. One wavelength serves as a reference signal that is reflected by an optical filter. The other wavelength passes through the optical filter and is reflected and modulated by a moveable diaphragm sensitive to pressure changes. This particular fiber optic sensor is of very small size, being intende

REFERENCES:
patent: 5390546 (1995-02-01), Wlodarczyk
patent: 5438873 (1995-08-01), Wlodarczyk et al.
patent: 5600070 (1997-02-01), Wlodarczyk

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