Fertilizers containing microorganisms and their production proce

Details Fertilizers containing microorganisms and their production proce Fertilizers containing microorganisms and their production proce

1989-10-27

1994-11-22

Lander, Ferris

Chemistry: fertilizers

Processes and products

Bacterial

71 7, 71 6407, 71 6408, 435177, 435180, C05F 1108

Patent

active

053665325

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to fertilizers containing microorganisms and process for producing such fertilizers.
It is known that plants cultivated on a large scale maintain a microflora consisting, for example, of bacteria for fixing nitrogen associated with their roots and that these rhizospheric microflora have an effect of promoting plant growth.
By adding an inoculum of a bacteria of the rhizosphere, a modification of the root development is observed (elongation, dry weight, degree of branching, number of absorbent hairs), a modification of the total dry matter and an increase in the grain yield. These effects are probably due to a combination of several phenomena such as nitrogen fixation, production of plant growth hormones, and pectinolytic activities that make better mineral absorption possible. The influence of the addition of bacteria inocula in the rhizosphere of plants is described, for example, in the article by Gaskins, M. H., Albrecht, S. L. and Hubbel, D. H. Agric. Ecos. Environ. 1984 (12), pp 99-116.
The methods used by the researchers: inoculation in liquid or granular form independently of any other agricultural practice is hard to achieve in the field because of the extra work it would impose on farmers. It has been proposed for cultivation of leguminous plants to package some inocula on some peat and to coat the seeds with the product obtained, but this process has the drawback of putting the microorganisms in direct contact with the different pesticides that generally coat grains. Now, these pesticides most often exhibit a high toxicity with respect to most bacteria species.
It would be advantageous to be able to mix fertilizers and the inocula of rhizosphere bacteria because it has been shown that the effect of an inoculation was better in the presence of mineral, and in particular nitrogenous, fertilizers. Actually, plants having good mineral nutrition exhibit a great deal of root exudation, which promotes the development of rhizospheric microflora. However, up to now the difficulty has been encountered that the inocula did not have sufficient viability upon contact with the fertilizer.


BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURE

FIG. 1 illustrates the survival of Azospirillum left in contact with a medium containing a nitrogeneous solution of SOLONIA S390.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to this invention, a form of inoculum has been found that has sufficient viability, upon contact with the fertilizer, for direct use in the field. More specifically, this invention relates to a fertilizer containing microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere packaged by microencapsulation in a polysaccharide.
Processes of microencapsulating microorganisms in a polysaccharide matrix are already known, in particular from patents EP-A-017,565 and EP-A-083,267. Another usable process according to this invention consists in: oxygen, polysaccharide to the culture medium, 1.9 bars, depending on the type and concentration of polysaccharide added, one calibrated nozzle with a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.8 mm, salt solution,
The mineral salt used in this process can be, in particular, a salt such as chloride or sulfate of iron, manganese, aluminum, calcium, zinc or copper.
The encapsulated microorganism is generally in the form of a light beige powder able to be mixed with any fertilizer containing nitrogen and/or phosphorus and/or potassium. It more advantageously mixed with nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate or urea.
The fertilizer can be in solid form, in suspension or in liquid form. In the case of a solid fertilizer, the granular fertilizer can, for example, be mixed with the powder of the microencapsulated inoculum in a drum until the mixture is homogeneous. The respective quantities of fertilizer and microencapsulated inoculum are generally such that the weight ratio of the fertilizer to the microencapsulated inoculum is between about 500 and 2,000. Then a coating product such as an amine, a natural wax or a synthetic wax can be sprayed on the granules of fertilizer.
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REFERENCES:
patent: 4155737 (1979-05-01), Dommergues et al.
patent: 4421544 (1983-12-01), Jones et al.
patent: 4547463 (1985-10-01), Sakata et al.
patent: 4774186 (1988-09-01), Schaefer, Jr. et al.
patent: 4798786 (1989-01-01), Tice et al.

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