Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Organic material-containing
Patent
1996-05-20
1998-06-16
Lander, Ferris
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Organic material-containing
71 34, 71 6402, 71 6407, 504101, C05C 400, C05B 700, A01N 2500
Patent
active
057663025
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/AU94/00238, May 9, 1994.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a process for coating fertilizer granules and more particularly to a process for binding additives such as nutrients, herbicides, pesticides, ion exchange agents etc. to the fertilizer granules.
BACKGROUND ART
Different agriculture systems have different demands with regard to fertilizers. All plants require a balanced supply of macronutrients and micronutrients that are essential for healthy plant growth. The total amount of each nutrient, the balance of nutrients and the time at which different nutrients are required varies for different plant species. In addition, the ability of soils to provide both the amount and balance of nutrients varies enormously. Climate also dictates not only the crop species which may be grown but also their growth rate and potential yield and, accordingly, the total nutrient demand. When ascertaining the nutrient requirements of different agricultural systems, therefore, the combination of plant species, soil type and climate must be considered. In some cases, it is also necessary to consider the nutritional requirement of animals since the nutrient demand of these animals in a system may differ slightly from the requirements of the plants in that system.
The effective and efficient use of fertilizers, therefore, is essential not only to give a balanced nutrient supply but also minimise the cost of the fertilizer relative to total farm income. By tailoring fertilizer input to nutrient demand, the farmer reduces the possibility of wasteful and costly over-fertilization as well as reducing the environmental impact of inappropriate fertilizer use, particularly the impact on ground and river water quality.
Substantial benefits may be gained by improving the precision with which the plant/soil nutrient requirements are matched with the fertilizer applications. This precise matching may not be done by simply mixing standard products.
As information on the ability of different soils to provide nutrients and the nutrient demand of different plant species continues to improve, the ability to predict the nutrient demand of a particular agricultural system has also improved. As the precision in matching fertilizer supply to plant requirement has increased, so the demand for a greater number of multi-nutrient fertilizer products has increased.
Normally, the demand for different fertilizer products will be regionally based since, as one would expect, it is the local soil, climate and agricultural systems which will dictate the particular fertilizer requirements It is, therefore, preferable that the manufacture of the particular fertilizer product is as near to the point of use as possible.
There are many fertilizer products currently available. World trade is dominated by a few products, however, including urea, diammonium phosphate, monoamonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and potassium chloride. These single or di-nutrient products may be used individually or combined with other additives. These products, or the raw materials from which they are made, may be used often in conjunction with minor fertilizer products, to manufacture or blend multi-nutrient fertilizers.
In the fertilizer industry, there are also many methods for coating granules with particular additives. These methods usually involve a chemical reaction between the chemical compounds in the granules to be coated and the additives to be affixed to the granules. These methods, however, are specific to certain fertilizers and certain additives so that the desired chemical reaction may occur. The coating process is designed such that there is a chemical interaction of the chemical constituents in the granules with the chemicals employed in the establishment of the coating and some of the nutrients to be incorporated into the coating, thereby ensuring that the coating is an intimate part of the original granule.
Oil and wax have also been used to stick nutrients onto the surface of fertilizer granules but the ali
REFERENCES:
patent: 4369055 (1983-01-01), Fujita et al.
Blair Graeme John
Lefroy Roderick David Bruce
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