Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Virus or component thereof
Patent
1994-08-18
1997-09-23
Smith, Lynette F.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Virus or component thereof
4242041, 4352402, A61K 3912, A61K 39215, C12N 500, C12N 502
Patent
active
056701560
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a sporadic disease occurring unpredictably in domestic and wild Felidae. While FIP is primarily a disease of domestic cats, it has been diagnosed in lions, mountain lions, leopards, cheetahs, and the jaguar. Smaller wild cats that have been afflicted with FIP include the lynx and caracal, sand cat, and pallas cat. In domestic cats, the disease occurs predominantly in young animals, although cats of all ages are susceptible. A peak incidence occurs between 6 and 12 months of age. A decline in incidence is noted from 5 to 13 years of age, followed by an increased incidence in cats 14 to 15 years old. There is no significant sex predisposition. FIP occurs more frequently in purebred cats, presumably because these cats are kept more commonly in catteries or multiple cat households. The disease is world-wide in distribution.
FIP is caused by a type of coronavirus. Coronaviruses are pleomorphic, enveloped particles that average 100 nm in diameter and contain a single strand of RNA. Characteristic petal-shaped projections called peplomers protrude from the viral surface. In many species of animals, coronaviruses have a relatively restricted organ tropism, infecting the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal systems. Following oral infection, the viruses have an affinity for the mature apical columnar epithelium of the villi in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
The coronaviruses that infect cats have been divided into those that cause FIP (FIPVs) and those that induce subclinical to severe enteritis (the feline enteric coronaviruses, or FECVs). The FIPVs differ from the FECVs in their ability to escape from the gastrointestinal tract and spread to replication sites in distant tissues. FIPVs and FECVs may represent pathogenetic variants of a single coronavirus type. Alternatively, FIPVs may arise periodically as mutants of FECV strains.
FIPV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine, canine coronavirus (CCV), and human respiratory tract coronaviruses of the 229E group comprise an antigenic cluster of closely related viruses within the Coronaviridae group. The major structural polypeptides of FIPV, TGEV, and CCV are so similar antigenically that some consider these three viruses as host range mutants rather than individual viral species.
The name, feline infectious peritonitis, refers to the principal form of the disease, an inflammatory condition of the visceral serosa and omentum. A reported second form of FIP is characterized by granulomatous involvement of parenchymatous organs such as the kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, pancreas, central nervous system (CNS) and spine, and the uveal tract of the eye. The granulomatous form of FIP is called "dry" or "noneffusive" because there is no inflammatory exudation into the body cavities. Classical FIP, which comprises about three-fourths of the cases, is termed "wet" or "effusive." A third form of FIP combines characteristics of both the effusive and noneffusive varieties.
The clinical course of effusive FIP lasts from 1 to 6 weeks or sometimes longer. The onset of disease is heralded by the appearance of a chronic, fluctuating fever. Associated with the fever there is usually a progressive decline in weight, activity, and appetite. Terminally, the cats go into shock and die. Peritonitis is seen in over 90% of the cats with effusive FIP and pleuritis in around 40% of the cases. Involvement of other organs, such as the eyes and CNS, is clinically apparent in only 10% of the cats with effusive disease, although a somewhat higher proportion may have clinically silent lesions in these and other non-serosal sites.
Cats with noneffusive FIP are ordinarily ill for 1 to 12 weeks or longer. As with the effusive form, a chronic fluctuating fever accompanies the disease. There also is a progressive decline in general body condition and appetite. Added to these features, however, are signs referable to specific organ systems. Peritoneal cavity lesions are found in 50% of cats with noneffusive FIP and pleural cav
REFERENCES:
patent: 4195130 (1980-03-01), Hoshino et al.
patent: 4303644 (1981-12-01), Davis
patent: 4434157 (1984-02-01), Olsen
patent: 5043157 (1991-08-01), Baldwin et al.
Parhelion Corporation
Smith Lynette F.
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