Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Virus or component thereof
Patent
1996-10-25
1998-11-10
Achutamurthy, Ponnathapura
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Virus or component thereof
4241991, 435 5, 435 697, 4353201, 53038835, 536 231, A61K 3921, A61K 3912, C12Q 170, C07K 1600
Patent
active
058339930
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the fields of immunology and recombinant genetics. More specifically, the invention relates to a recombinant vaccine which includes both the DNA sequences encoding the viral envelope and gag proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus and methods of using vaccines based on these encoded DNA sequences.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), formerly called feline T lymphotrophic lentivirus, was first isolated in 1986 from a large multiple cat household in Petaluma, Calif. (Pederson et al., Science (1987) 235:790). FIV has been classified as a member of the subfamily Lentiviridae in the family Retroviridae. This is the family that includes human and simian immunodeficiency viruses, equine infectious anaemia, maedi visna of sheep and caprine-arthritis encephalitis viruses (CAEV). The genome of FIV is organized like other lentiviruses with three long open reading frames corresponding to gag, pol and env (Talbott et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1989) 86:5743; Olmsted et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (1989) 86:2448). The gag gene codes for the major structural components of the virus, the env gene codes for the envelope glycoprotein, and the pol gene codes for the polymerase protein.
The gag gene is expressed as a 50 kD polyprotein which is processed into three subunits: a p15 matrix protein, a p24 capsid protein, and a p10 nucleocapsid protein. The pol gene encodes three proteins: the protease, reverse transcriptase and a p14.6 protein of unknown function. Autoprocessing by the protease portion of the gene gives rise to all three proteins of the pol region. Additionally, the protease is responsible for the processing of the gag precursor. The pol gene is expressed as a gag-pol fusion protein. The envelope gene is expressed as a 160 kD glycoprotein, gp160. The antigenicity of the FIV core proteins is similar to other lentiviruses.
Surveys indicate that the median age of FIV infected cats in the general population is about 3 years, whereas the median age of clinically diseased FIV infected cats is about 10 years of age (Shelton et al., J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. (1989) 25:7). The clinical sequela of FIV infection in cats has been divided into five stages. Stage I, the primary phase, is quite variable with some animals showing degrees of fever, neutropenia, generalized lymphadenopathy, diarrhea and depression. Animals at this stage are normally not recognized by owners to be ill and the signs listed above have been variably recognized in experimental infections. Mortality is low and, despite recovery from this phase, virtually all cats become lifelong carriers. Viremia is by far and away the most consistent sign associated with this phase.
During Stage II, virus can still be found in the blood of cats and it is now that major abnormalities evolve in circulating numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. It is during Stage III that many cats are first presented to veterinarians with signs which range from vague clinical symptoms like recurrent fever, weight loss and anorexia, to animals which show obvious indications of chronic secondary or opportunistic infections which can include chronic oral cavity infections, chronic enteritis, chronic respiratory infections, chronic conjunctivitis and bacterial infections of the urinary tract and skin. Stage IV is dominated by the chronic secondary infections described in Stage III with further weight loss and hematological abnormalities. Finally, in Stage V, the health of cats declines further over a period of months to years and a few surviving animals may develop a condition analogous to human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with opportunistic infections at multiple body sites.
The virus replicates optimally in blood mononuclear cells and has a tropism for T lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophage, brain macrophage and astrocytes. In common with other retroviruses, the genetic material of FIV is composed of RNA and the production of a DNA copy of the viral RNA is an essential step in th
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Lowery David E.
Wardley Richard C.
Achutamurthy Ponnathapura
Darnley, Jr. James D.
Park Hankyel T.
Pharmacia & Upjohn Company
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