Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Food or edible as carrier for pharmaceutical
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-22
2002-04-30
Tate, Christopher R. (Department: 1651)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Food or edible as carrier for pharmaceutical
C514S259500, C514S561000, C424S769000, C424S776000, C424S641000, C424S093460
Reexamination Certificate
active
06379694
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a feed for prevention and treatment of animal coccidiosis, a coccidiostat, and a method for preventing or treating coccidiosis by supplying an animal with this feed or coccidiostat.
BACKGROUND ART
Coccidiosis of poultry such as chicken, turkey, quail and guinea fowl, domestic animals such as rabbit, cow, sheep, goat and pig, and pets such as dog and cat is a disease caused by infection with a certain kind of protozoan parasite and it is frequently found worldwide. Coccidiosis is known to be caused by, in chickens,
Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mivati, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria precox
or
Eimeria hagani;
while, in turkeys, by
Eimeria meleagrimitis, Eimeria adenoides
or
Eimeria gallopovonis.
As is apparent from the above description, species of parasitic protozoa belonging to the genus Eimeria differ between chicken and turkey. The parasitization of protozoa of the genus Eimeria is host specific. Species parasitic on chicken are not parasitic on another bird or animal, but their life cycles are much in common. Described specifically, when an animal ingests a mature oocyst with food or the like from the external world, the wall of the oocyst is broken down inside the gizzard and 4 sporocysts are liberated from one oocyst. These sporocysts are carried to the intestine, at which 2 sporozites are discharged from one sporocyst by the action of an enzyme. These two sporozoites invade the intestinal mucosa cell. By repetition of fission, sporozites each becomes a schizont embracing several to several hundreds merozites in 1 or 2 days. These merozites are released from the broken cell membrane of the schizont and penetrate through the cell of the intestinal membrane. Most of the merozites undergo sexual reproduction into microgametos (male) and macrogametos (female). They are joined and fertilized into oocysts, which are excreted into feces, dropping from the intestinal mucosa. At the time when the oocysts are discharged from the body, they are still immature and not infectious, but in several days, they become mature oocysts equipped with infectiousness. The above-described life cycle is thereafter repeated.
Animals infected with the coccidiosis-causing protozoa belonging to the genus Eimeria show symptoms such as diarrhea or bloody stool. Delay in treatment or serious symptom happens to cause death which is not so rare. Animals even escaped from the death suffer depressed growth. Coccidiosis is therefore one of the animal diseases causing a markedly serious damage and has presented a serious problem particularly for poultry raising farmers who treat a large number of domestic birds.
Upon prevention or treatment of animal coccidiosis, antibiotics (polyether antibiotics such as salinomycin), chemotherapeutics including synthetic antibacterials (such as sulfa preparation), and biological preparations such as vaccine have conventionally be employed mainly. Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics are however accompanied with such problems as emergence of side effects and deterioration of effects due to drug resistance. Vaccine, on the other hand, can be used not for treatment but only for prevention of the disease. In addition to the above-described problems, when the meat or egg of the animal to which such a drug has been administered is taken as a food, the drug residues in the animal body transfer to the human body. A severe limitation must therefore be imposed on the using amount or administration term of the drug.
There is accordingly a demand for a preventive or mitigating preparation of coccidiosis which is free of the above-described problems of an antibiotic, synthetic antibacterial or vaccine, has high safety and has an excellent anticoccidial effect. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-231410, proposed is a coccidiosis mitigating preparation comprising as an effective ingredient a cashew nut shell oil and/or an anacardic acid, a main component of the cashew nut shell oil. The cashew nut shell oil or anacardic acid is an oil or compound available from a cashew nut shell so that it has excellent characteristics, for example, it has high safety, is free of side effects which occur in the antibiotic or synthetic antibacterial, and furthermore, is free of a deterioration in effects due to drug resistance. A further improvement in the anticoccidial effect is however required in order to prevent or treat coccidiosis more effectively.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a coccidiostat which has high safety, is free of problems such as side effects, is free of a decline in effects due to drug resistance and therefore exhibits high preventive and curative effects against coccidiosis; an animal feed containing it, and a method for preventing or treating animal coccidiosis by using the coccidiostat or the feed.
As a result of extensive investigation, the present inventors have found that the use of at least one substance selected from organic zinc compounds, betaines and microorganisms of the genus Bacillus in combination with the above-described cashew nut shell oil and/or an anacardic acid which has been reported to have an ameliorating effect of coccidiosis brings about an improved effect for the prevention or treatment of coccidiosis. Based on such a finding, the present invention has been completed.
The present invention therefore provides a feed for the prevention and/or treatment of coccidiosis, which comprises, together with a cashew nut shell oil and/or an anacardic acid, at least one substance selected from organic zinc compounds, betaines and microorganisms of the genus Bacillus as an effective ingredient.
The present invention also provides a coccidiostat which comprises, together with a cashew nut shell oil and/or an anacardic acid, at least one substance selected from organic zinc compounds, betaines and microorganisms of the genus Bacillus as an effective ingredient.
The present invention further provides a method for preventing or treating animal coccidiosis, which comprises administering the above-described feed or coccidiostat to an animal.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The present invention will hereinafter be described more specifically.
The cashew nut shell oil usable in the present invention is an oil (liquid) contained in the shell of the seed of a cashew nut tree (
Anacardiumu occidentale L.
). Its preparation process is not particularly limited. As a process for preparing the cashew nut shell oil, known are, for example, a process of heating the shell separated from a cashew nut in the absence or presence of a small amount of a cashew nut shell oil to collect its oil; and a process of extracting the oil from the shell separated from a cashew nut by using an organic solvent (such as hydrocarbon solvent, ketone, alcohol or ester). In the present invention, a cashew nut oil prepared by either one of the above-described processes or a commercially available one, or a mixture thereof may be used.
The cashew nut shell oil contains cardanol, cardol, methylcardol and anacardic acids. In the present invention, anacardic acids separated and collected from the cashew nut shell oil may be used instead of the cashew nut shell oil or they may be used in combination. Anacardic acids are available by eluting the cashew nut shell oil, which has been obtained by extraction of the cashew nut shell with an organic solvent, through chromatography on a silica gel column using a solvent of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetic acid mixed at varied ratios (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-240721, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-240716, or the like).
As the organic zinc compound, those taking part in the enzymatic reaction or immune function in vivo can be used. Examples include compounds having an amino acid and zinc bonded therein and compounds having a peptide and zinc bonded therein. These organic zinc compounds may be used either singly or in combination. Specific examples of the
Arai Nobuyuki
Azuma Ryuichi
Hatano Kazuhiro
Nisshin Feed Inc.
Oblon & Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt P.C.
Tate Christopher R.
Winston Randall
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