Fatty acid derivatives and their use as surfactants in detergent

Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – Specific organic component

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510470, 510488, 510490, C11D 330

Patent

active

060049235

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to the use of fatty acid derivatives of the general formula I material, where the substituents have the following meanings: chain, which contains in the chain one or more groups of the formula II ##STR1## R.sup.1 an --N(R.sup.2)R.sup.3 radical, a hydroxyl radical and its alkali metal or ammonium salts, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy radical or a radical of a mono-, di- or triglyceride, it being possible for the two latter to be radicals of natural saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or identical or different radicals A.sup.1 ; radicals.
The invention additionally relates to the novel fatty acids of the formula Ia corresponding fatty acid salt, and A.sup.1 has the meaning stated at the outset, and to their use as surfactants. The invention further relates to surfactant formulations comprising compounds I or Ia.
DE-A 27 34 596 discloses fatty acid derivatives of type I as detersive substances for washing textiles.
For cleaning nontextile surfaces, surfactants must have additional properties such as good fat-removal capacities. Cleaning processes of this type take place mainly in the metal industry, in the food industry, in the catering trade and in the household. Thus, for example, it is often necessary to remove drawing and rolling greases from metal articles after processing thereof. The primary object in the other sectors mentioned is also in particular to remove fats of varying origin from equipment and containers, because fats prevent the wetting of other soiled particles.
It is an object of the invention to use surfactants for aqueous cleaner systems for cleaning nontextile material with an improved fat-removal capacity.
We have found that this object is achieved by using the amino hydroxy fatty acid derivatives I defined at the outset for cleaning nontextile grease-soiled materials, the compounds Ia as novel substances, and formulations containing I.
Compounds I can be obtained in a manner known per se by epoxidizing fatty acid esters III ##STR2## and further reaction of the epoxidized products IV with an amine V ##STR3## with opening of the epoxide ring. A.sup.2 in this case is an unsaturated radical which corresponds to the saturated or partially saturated radical A.sup.1 in I, and B.sup.1 is the radical of a 1- to 3-hydric aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alcohol. In the case of a polyhydric alcohol, its other hydroxyl groups may also be esterified, preferably with fatty acids.
Depending on the chosen ratio of III to V there is mainly reaction of the epoxide groups with the amine V. If there is an excess of amine, B.sup.1 is replaced by the radical --N(R.sup.2)R.sup.3.
The esters obtained where appropriate in the reaction can be used, for example, to prepare the novel fatty acids or their alkali metal salts by known reactions such as alkaline hydrolysis and, if required, acidification.
The ammonium salts, which are likewise novel, can be obtained preferably directly from the epoxidized fatty acids by reaction with V. This results in the preferred ammonium salts with .sup..sym. NH.sub.2 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 as cation, where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the same meanings as in the amino group of the fatty acid ester. Any desired ammonium salts can be prepared by subsequent reaction of a fatty acid Ia' with an amine.
Among unsaturated unbranched aliphatic fatty acids from which the esters III are derived, the unsaturated hydroxy fatty acid ricinoleic acid is suitable, but preference is given to: undecenoic acid, .DELTA..sup.9 -decylenic acid, .DELTA..sup.9 -dodecylenic acid, vaccenic acid, palmitoleic acid, erucic acid and, in particular, oleic acid. preferably linoleic acid. acid.
Unsaturated C.sub.18 -fatty acids are particularly suitable because they are readily available. The acids obtainable by isomerization of the double bond are also suitable.
It is likewise possible to use mixtures of fatty acids or fatty acid esters like those obtainable, for example, by transesterification or hydrolysis of natural fats with C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohols.
The preparation of compounds I preferably st

REFERENCES:
patent: 5488139 (1996-01-01), Dragner et al.
patent: 5576416 (1996-11-01), Walker
"Tide" box. 1950 No Month Available.

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