Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Sheetlike element assembled parallel to existing wall,... – Element spaced from wall – ceiling – or floor and held by...
Patent
1995-10-19
1998-04-21
Smith, Creighton
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Sheetlike element assembled parallel to existing wall,...
Element spaced from wall, ceiling, or floor and held by...
52144, E04B 200
Patent
active
057406499
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a false ceiling, as is known from Frick, O., et al., "Baukonstruktionslehre", Part 1., Teubner, Stuttgart 1992.
1. Subject Matter
Preferably light, for the most part prefabricated, dry and easy to mount ceiling system are being widely employed in a great variety of ways as subconstructions "suspended" from massive, bearing ceilings. In new buildings and in refurbishing lobbies of old buildings, administrative halls, classrooms or industrial, fair or sport halls as well as office buildings, department stores and hospitals, so-called ceiling fronts and false ceilings (FC) have assumed both decorative and construction functions.
2. Purpose and Function
Mounted at a certain distance from the massive ceiling as panelling, the FC often helps meet various physical construction requirements in the building with regard to thermal insulation, fire insulation and soundproofing.
However, it is also suited as a front sheet in adapting the lighting, interior design or acoustics of individual rooms to their specific purpose. Finally, the large hollow spaces between the raw ceiling and the FC are used to cover the laying/integration of pipelines, wiring and inlets and outlets of various building engineering installations.
3. FC Reguirements
High demands are made on false ceilings respectively on the usually plane components of which they are composed in three ways:
3.1 Structural:
3.2 Structural acoustical:
3.3 Room acoustical:
Which of the partially contradicting demands is given precedence depends on the respective function of the room. However, some fundamental problems with FC systems remain unsolved if they are simultaneously supposed to be effective as acoustical ceilings:
4. Drawbacks of Conventional FCs
Even if the FC is supposed to only cover the installations accommodated in the hollow space of the ceiling and itself soundproof the room as described in Frick et al. or in "Trockenbau" July 1992 "Heiss-umkampfte Kuhle", the mineral fiber panels and mats widely utilized as sheet components, ceiling surfacing and hollow space dampening seem to be disadvantageous and obstructive due to their
FIG. 1 shows a conventional reactive absorber according to Frick et al., with a) representing a panel resonator, b) a Helmholtz resonator and chart c) the degree of absorption.
The conventional drop and view protection by means of foils having little mass and panels having holes with a high degree of perforation (for room acoustical reasons) contradict the structural requirements to have a not too light front sheet that is as closed as possible on the side facing the room.
The great suspension height of acoustical ceilings required for room acoustical reasons for the absorption of low frequencies according to Frick et al. often contradicts the structural acoustical requirement of small transverse transmission via the hollow space of the ceiling to the adjacent rooms even if the hollow space is filled like a kind of soundproofing with a large amount of fibrous or porous dampening material.
However, if the FC is to serve not only decorative and acoustical purposes, but also to simultaneously assume other building engineering functions as a (low pressure) ventilation ceiling, (radiation) heating ceiling or (surface) cooling ceiling, the fibrous/porous dampening material hitherto essential from an acoustical point of view has a major drawback: it would not only obstruct mounting and installation but also obstruct maintenance and operation of the installations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for FC systems that meets the room and structural acoustical needs without any use of porous absorbers and at the same time accommodates the structural requirements better than conventional acoustical ceilings.
5. Alternative ceiling panel sound absorbers
Conventional acoustical ceilings almost exclusively utilize passive (porous/fibrous) absorbers (Trockenbau July 1992). In order for the airborne soundwaves to be able to penetrate the dampening material unhindered, the ceiling pane
REFERENCES:
patent: 2729431 (1956-01-01), Little
patent: 2752017 (1956-06-01), Segil
patent: 3253082 (1966-05-01), Buset
patent: 3390495 (1968-07-01), Dalby
Eckoldt Dietmar
Fuchs Helmut
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung
Smith Creighton
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