Optics: eye examining – vision testing and correcting – Eye examining or testing instrument – Objective type
Patent
1986-07-16
1988-04-05
Corbin, John K.
Optics: eye examining, vision testing and correcting
Eye examining or testing instrument
Objective type
351209, A61B 314
Patent
active
047354984
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a device for measuring eye movements, comprising at least two and in front of the eyes located radiation sources and at least two radiation detectors adapted to detect the radiation reflected from the eye and being located in connection with the radiation sources.
2. Background Art
It is previously known to measure eye movements by means of light emitters and light detectors which are placed in front of the eye and are adapted to sense the changing reflection characteristics of each eye due to the different positions, for instance when following a text line or other kind of information which causes the eye to move.
The drawbacks with these known arrangements for measuring eye movements include above all their complexity and the difficulty to adjust them properly and correctly in positions around the eye in order to obtain accurate read-out from the apparatus. Since there is an increasing demand for such apparatus specifically in order to diagnose different degrees of dyslexia among children it should be appreciated that the apparatus hitherto known can only be used under laboratory conditions and require extreme accuracy both from the operator and from the patient in order to obtain useful results. Such apparatus can therefore hardly be used under normal working conditions, for instance in schools or offices since neither of these environments are sufficiently controlled for example as to the illumination from the light sources normally used in such rooms
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device in which the above noted deficiencies of the prior art measuring apparatus have been eliminated. Thus, the invention provides a device which can give extremely accurate measurements and which can be used under normal working conditions, for instance in schools or offices. Moreover, the device according to the invention is far cheaper than any of the prior art measuring apparatus which can only be used in controlled environments as can be obtained in a laboratory.
The object of the invention is realized substantially by the fact that the radiation sources and the detectors are disposed in pairs so that one pair is arranged on each side of at least one symmetry plane through the centered eye, and that the at least two pairs are disposed on a diaphragm which is located a certain distance from the eye and which is provided with an aperture directly opposite to the eye having a certain form and size to thereby permit the eye to look through the aperture within a certain space angle, and that a shielding member is disposed around the diaphragm and the eye in order to prevent disturbing light from impinging into the eye beyond the light falling through the aperature, and that electronic means are arranged to detect the radiation which is reflected from the eye and incident against the detector and to adjust the radiation from the sources in such a way that the radiation intensity detected by each detector will be made substantially equal, whereby the difference in the emitted radiation intensity between the two radiation sources is a rough measure of the light reflection from the eye and thus a coarse measurement of the instantaneous position of the eye which together with a fine measurement of the photodetector output, forms a high resolution measurement of the eye position.
The position of the eye is measured in two steps, first in a coarse measurement, then in a fine measurement. The coarse measurement is carried out when positioning the sensitivity window as close as possible to the actual eye position. The fine measurement is performed within the sensitivity window.
In a suitable embodiment of the invention the arrangement is made in the form of goggles having a device according to the invention for each eye in order to make it possible to study the movements of two eyes simultaneously.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 0F THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the invention and ma
REFERENCES:
patent: 2724305 (1955-11-01), Brandt
patent: 3450466 (1969-06-01), Streisinger
patent: 3473868 (1969-10-01), Young et al.
patent: 3583794 (1971-06-01), Newman
patent: 3594072 (1971-07-01), Feather
patent: 3623799 (1971-11-01), Millodot
Ober Jan K.
Udden Per
Corbin John K.
Dzierzynski P. M.
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