Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
Patent
1997-02-12
1999-01-12
Kight, John
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Heterocyclic carbon compounds containing a hetero ring...
C07D31906
Patent
active
058592644
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to explosive compositions and, more particularly, to certain emulsifiers therefor and to their preparation.
It is known to make explosive compositions as water-in-oil emulsions in which the discontinuous aqueous phase contains the oxygen-releasing compound. To stabilise these emulsions, an emulsifier is used, and examples are given in EP-A-0155800, EP-A-0285608 and GB-A-2187182. Among or anhydride, such as salts or amides thereof.
We have now found a particular group of compounds, which can be made from for explosive compositions. In particular, these emulsifiers provide surprisingly good emulsion stability which is, of course, an important desideratum in explosive compositions.
According to one aspect of the present invention, we have found that lactones of the formulae I and II are very effective emulsifiers in explosive compositions. These lactones are the .gamma.-lactone of formula I: ##STR2## and the .delta.-lactone of formula: ##STR3## wherein R is a hydrocarbyl group, and R* may be hydrogen or methyl or another hydrocarbyl group.
R can vary widely but preferably it is a saturated poly(alkylene) group where the alkylene part has from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and most especially a saturated polyisobutylene group of the formula: ##STR4## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group which may optionally be substituted; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group which may optionally be substituted. ##STR5## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group which may optionally be substituted. ##STR6## where R.sup.4 is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group derived from an alcohol, monomeric polyol or oligomeric poly(oxyalkylene) or alkanolamine grouping.
In one aspect, therefore, the invention provides the use of a lactone as defined above as an emulsifier in an explosive composition.
The invention also includes an explosive composition comprising an emulsion having an organic, preferably hydrocarbon, continuous phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase containing an oxygen-supplying compound, usually ammonium nitrate, and a lactone emulsifier of the invention.
By way of example, the organic continuous phase can be selected from fuel oil, diesel oil, kerosene, naptha, paraffin oils, waxes, animal oils, fish oils, methyl and/or ethyl esters of fatty acids (so called biodiesels) and other mineral, hydrocarbon or fatty oils, and any mixtures of two or more thereof. The preferred organic continuous phase components are liquid hydrocarbons such as diesel, gasoline, kerosene, fuel oils and paraffin oils.
The oxygen-supplying compound can be, for example, alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates, chlorates and perchlorates; ammonium nitrate, chlorates and perchlorates; and any mixture of two or more thereof. The preferred oxygen-supplying compounds include ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and calcium nitrate and most preferably ammonium nitrate or a mixture of ammonium nitrate and sodium or calcium nitrate.
The relative amounts of constituents of these explosive compositions can vary widely but will generally be:
Percentages are by weight of the composition.
It is also possible to incorporate other additives in the emulsions of the invention in order to improve sensitivity, density, strength, rheology and other desirable aspects of the final emulsion explosives. The type and quantity of such additives will vary according to the effect desired and will be determined by those skilled in the art.
By way of example, sensitizing components may be occluded gas bubbles such as glass or resin microspheres or other gas-containing particulate materials. Gas bubbles may also be generated in-situ by the incorporation and distribution of a gas generating material such as sodium nitrite solution. Self-explosive sensitizers such as TNT and amine nitrates may also be employed. Such sensitizing agents may be used alone or in combination and are distributed homogeneously throughout the emulsion matrix.
By fur
REFERENCES:
patent: H253 (1987-04-01), Sitzmann et al.
patent: 3155685 (1964-11-01), Prill et al.
patent: 3155686 (1964-11-01), Prill et al.
patent: 3248187 (1966-04-01), Bell, Jr.
patent: 3261782 (1966-07-01), Anderson et al.
patent: 3487452 (1969-12-01), Wygant et al.
patent: 3897350 (1975-07-01), Heiba et al.
patent: 3925232 (1975-12-01), Heiba et al.
patent: 4190588 (1980-02-01), Heiba et al.
patent: 4221720 (1980-09-01), Brois et al.
patent: 5183908 (1993-02-01), Elsasser et al.
Sitzmann et al, Chemical Abstract vol. 107 No. 25,638 "Energetic banded drain polynitrodial synthesis" 1987.
Showa et al, Chemical abstract vol. 101 No. 74, 422 "Emulsion polymsization" 1982.
Coupland Keith
Love Barry
Covington Raymond
Croda International PLC
Kight John
LandOfFree
Explosive compositions does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Explosive compositions, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Explosive compositions will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1518098