Power plants – Internal combustion engine with treatment or handling of... – By sorber or mechanical separator
Patent
1989-05-11
1991-09-10
Hart, Douglas
Power plants
Internal combustion engine with treatment or handling of...
By sorber or mechanical separator
55466, 55DIG30, 60295, 60319, F01N 302
Patent
active
050463080
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, whether fuelled by carburation or injection (Otto cycle petrol engines) or by injection and compression-ignition (diesel), and whether used for the propulsion of vehicles, or as prime movers in permanently-installed domestic, community or industrial power units, and features a device in which to house replaceable filters serving for the abatement essentially of solid particles and unburned hydrocarbons entrained in exhaust gases.
The basic problem tackled by the invention is one generally associated with current research aimed at finding the most effective methods and means of eliminating the main polluting agents from exhaust gases emitted by internal combustion engines.
The polluting agents in question are identifiable in the main as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons that have escaped combustion, oxides of nitrogen, sulphur and lead, and entrained solid matter or fuel ash, which will be present in proportions that vary according to the different types of engine, and attributable for the most part to less-than-perfect mingling of the air-and-fuel mixture, and incomplete combustion. Attempts to curb pollution have been made thus far in two main directions. On the one hand, research has been concentrated on improving and modifying the carburation, injection and mixing of engine fuels, experimenting with the shape of combustion chambers, valves and passages, and optimizing the combustion cycle; on the other, researchers have recognized the extreme difficulty of creating ideal conditions for combustion and maintaining them constant in the long term, and in the various operating and environmental situations encountered. Accordingly, efforts have also been made to find ways and means, remote from the engine, of reducing emissions to as great an extent as possible.
To this end, thermal reactors have been designed that induce reheat by injecting further fuel and air at suitable temperature; a chemical type of reheat has also been produced by the adoption of catalytic silencers, although these silencers have proven to be effective only against the oxides of carbon and nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbons, whereas rapid deterioration occurs through poisoning of the noble catalyst metal by lead oxides and entrained matter. Diesel engines, in particular, produce exhaust gases in which the concentration of entrained particles is much higher than that of the oxides of nitrogen, and as catalytic silencers cannot be utilized in such a situation, remedies must be sought in improvement of the combustion cycle and regular servicing of the engine.
Finally, attempts have been made to fit a variety of types of filter to the tail-pipe, e.g. wire mesh, fabric, foam, dry or oil-bath etc. . . Such expedients have proved totally unsuitable however, by reason of the rapid rate at which blockage occurs; a blocked filter occasions back-pressure through the exhaust system, and as a result, significant loss of engine output and further deterioration of the combustion cycle.
Accordingly, the main object of the invention is one of remedying the limitations and drawbacks described above by adoption of an exhaust system incorporating a rigidly attached or removable device that is able to accommodate one or more filtered elements, and can be reached from the outside for easy inspection and replacement of the spent elements and/or for general cleaning.
A further object of the invention is to provide a device that is designed, structured and installed in such a way as to guarantee maximum filtration on the part of the filter elements, especially in the case of solid particles and unburned hydrocarbons, and at the same time, to ensure that performance of the engine remains steady and unaffected even with the filters completely spent: in short, that no danger exists of back-pressure being generated through the exhaust system.
Another object of the invention is to provide a filtration device suitable for use with any type of internal combustion engine, but m
REFERENCES:
patent: 3129078 (1964-04-01), Hobbs
patent: 4419108 (1983-12-01), Frost
Longobardi Raffaele
Longobardi Roberto
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