Thermal measuring and testing – Calorimetry
Patent
1986-11-24
1988-08-09
Yasich, Daniel M.
Thermal measuring and testing
Calorimetry
374 54, G01K 1702
Patent
active
047624230
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a national phase application of PCT/AT86/00024 filed Mar. 27 1986 and based, in turn, on Austrian national applications A911/85 of Mar. 27 1985 and A2521/85 of Aug. 28 1985 under the International Convention.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a calorimeter based on the evaporation principle to be used for determining the heat supplied by a heating surface. Such calorimeters are used especially for the allotment of heating charges in housing projects. Such heating-cost allotment devices have the purpose of establishing the actual amount of heat supplied to various space units (apartments, business locales and such) heated from a common heating plant and after that so that charges can be divided in accordance with the actual heat supply.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The known-heating-cost dividers operating on the evaporation principle consist basically of a bulb filled with a measuring liquid. Such a device is described in detail further below. Such dividers of heating costs have the disadvantage that under the influence of external factors, such as sunlight, proximity to an oven, hot water in the bathroom, etc, and also under the influence of cold evaporation, erroneous values can be given, which results in an erroneous apportionment of the heating costs. Due to the mentioned external influences, more measuring liquid evaporates from the bulb than corresponds to the actual heat supplied by the heating apparatus, which leads to the allotment of a higher fraction of the heating cost. Especially the radiation from external heat sources has proven to be a problem in measuring of the heat amounts.
A certain compensation of the so-called cold evaporation of the measuring liquid (spontaneous evaporation of the measuring liquid within the measuring period without heating of the heat surfaces) has been achieved by filling the bulb with a larger amount of measuring liquid such that the additional volume corresponds to a value established by experience. This type of compensation can give only a rough average value, which does not take into consideration the individual condition of the heated rooms. Further, only the cold evaporation can be compensated in this manner, but not the external influences mentioned above, such as radiation from external heat sources.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide a calorimeter based on the evaporation principle, which permits the most exact measurement possible of the heat supply, even under the influence of external factors and which has the most simple construction possible and is inexpensive to produce.
It is an object to minimize the unauthorized manipulation of the calorimeter, such as for instance by covering it with a damp cloth.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The calorimeter according to the invention eliminates all the above-mentioned disadvantages and comprises two bulbs with measuring liquid. At least one bulb (the measuring bulb) is in good heat-conductive contact with the heating surface and whereby a further bulb (the comparison bulb) is thermally insulated from the heating surface.
According to the invention the measuring bulb and the bulb are arranged in a common housing of thermally-insulating material and a heat bridge is provided between the heating surface and the measuring bulb. The measuring bulb is located closer to the heating surface than the comparison bulb.
Between the measuring bulb and the comparison bulb an air gap is provided in order to increase the heat insulation of the comparison bulb. The housing is covered on the reading side with a transparent plate or covering foil.
The thermally conductive contact between the measuring bulb and the heating surface has a minimal heat-conductibility of 100 W.multidot.m.sup.-1 .multidot.K.sup.-1. Advantageously, between the transparent plate or covering foil and the bulbs or the housing, an air gap is provided. The outside of the housing or a segment attached thereto can be made of a thermally sensitive
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patent: 3572084 (1971-03-01), May
patent: 4355908 (1982-10-01), Weisser et al.
patent: 4480929 (1984-11-01), Hansen
patent: 4484471 (1984-11-01), Swithenbank et al.
"Differential Thermal Analysis", Ralph H. Muller, Analytical Chemistry-vol. 35, No. 4, Apr. 1963, 2 pages.
Dubno Herbert
Ross Karl F.
Yasich Daniel M.
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