Esters of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated carboxylic acids by carbony

Details Esters of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated carboxylic acids by carbony Esters of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated carboxylic acids by carbony

1982-01-20

1984-02-21

Trousof, Natalie

Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series

Organic compounds

Carboxylic acid esters

560104, 560114, 560204, 2604109R, C07C 6738

Patent

active

044331649

ABSTRACT:
Esters of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated carboxylic acids, e.g., penten-3-oates, are prepared by carbonylating a necessarily conjugated diene, e.g., butadiene, with carbon monoxide, in the presence of (i) an alcohol corresponding to the desired ester, (ii) a halogen hydracid, (iii) a palladium catalyst which comprises palladium metal, a palladium oxide, or a salt of palladium, or ionic complex thereof, the anion coordinated with the palladium cation of which being a hard or intermediate base, and (iv) a quaternary onium salt of elemental nitrogen, phosphorus or arsenic, said elemental nitrogen, phosphorus or arsenic being tetracoordinated with carbon atoms and the anion of said salt comprising a hard or intermediate base.

REFERENCES:
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patent: 4172087 (1979-10-01), Knifton
Pearson, Ralph G., Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 45, (1968), pp. 581-587.
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, (1974), 8th Ed., Van Nostrand, Publ. at p. 747.
Migrdichian, Vartkes Organic Synthesis, vol. 1, (1957), Reinhold, Publ. at p. 823.
Fieser & Fieser, Organic Chemistry, (1944), D. C. Heath, Publ. p. 229.

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