Ester-free synthetic lubricating oils comprising polybutenyl sub

Details Ester-free synthetic lubricating oils comprising polybutenyl sub Ester-free synthetic lubricating oils comprising polybutenyl sub

1997-03-26

1999-10-26

Johnson, Jerry D.

Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se

Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...

Heterocyclic ring compound; a heterocyclic ring is one...

508506, C10M16100

Patent

active

059728523

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to synthetic lubricating oils for use in lubricating internal combustion engines, having good compatibility with elastomeric seals and good stability.
Multigrade lubricating oils typically are identified by designations such as SAE 10W-30, 5W-30 etc. The first number in the multigrade designation is associated with a maximum low temperature (e.g., -20.degree. C.) viscosity requirement for that multigrade oil as measured typically by a cold cranking simulator (CCS) under high shear rates (ASTM D5293, which is a revision of ASTM D2602), while the second number in the multigrade designation is associated with a high temperature viscosity requirement usually measured in terms of the kinematic viscosity (kV) at 100.degree. C. (ASTM D445). Thus, each particular multigrade oil must simultaneously meet both strict low and high temperature viscosity requirements, set e.g. by SAE specifications such as SAE J300, in order to qualify for a given multigrade oil designation.
The high temperature viscosity requirement is intended to prevent the oil from thinning out too much during engine operation which can lead to excessive wear and oil consumption. The maximum low temperature viscosity requirement is intended to facilitate engine starting in cold weather. Reduced low temperature viscosity will also help to ensure pumpability, i.e., the cold oil should readily flow to the oil pump, otherwise the engine can be damaged due to insufficient lubrication.
The viscosity characteristic of a basestock on which a lubricating oil is based is typically expressed by the neutral number of the oil (e.g., S150N) with a higher neutral number being associated with a higher viscosity at a given temperature. Blending basestocks is one way of modifying the viscosity properties of the resulting lubricating oil. The basestocks which are typically used in lubricating oils may be synthetic or natural oils. Unfortunately, merely blending basestocks of different viscosity characteristics may not enable the formulator to meet the low and high temperature viscosity requirements of some multigrade oils. The formulator's primary tool for achieving this goal is an additive conventionally referred to as a viscosity modifier (VM) or viscosity index improver (V.I. improver).
A monofunctional VM is conventionally an oil-soluble long chain polymer. A multifunctional VM (or alternately MFVM) is an oil soluble polymer which has been chemically modified e.g., functionalized and derivatized, to impart dispersancy as well as viscosity modification.
For multigrade oils to meet the high temperature viscosity requirements, it is often necessary to add significant amounts of VM which in turn results in increased low temperature viscosity. In order to meet the requirements for wide multigrades such as SAE 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W40, 10W-50, 15W-40 and 15W-50, it is usual to reduce the basestock viscosity by blending in less viscous oils--i.e. to lower the average neutral number of the total basestock. If conventional mineral basestocks are used it is usual to replace higher viscosity basestocks such as 600N basestock in part by basestock of 150N or less to improve CCS performance in wide multigrades. This results in the formulated oil becoming more volatile which may in turn increase oil consumption.
An alternative means of reducing the basestock viscosity and therefore improving CCS performance is to employ so-called non-conventional lubricants (or NCL). Examples of NCLs are synthetic basestocks such as polyalphaolefin oligomers (PAO) and diesters and specially processed mineral basestocks such as basestocks, waxes or other heavy fractions which are hydrocracked or hydroisomerised to give greater paraffinic content and lower aromatic content.
The American Petroleum Institute (API) in their Publication 1509 dated January 1993, amended as of Jan. 1st 1995, entitled "Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System" (EOLCS) in Appendix E, 1.2 provided a classification of basestocks in 5 categories, which are widely used in the lubricant industry. Convent

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