Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
Patent
1997-07-25
1998-09-01
Buiz, Michael
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Treating material introduced into or removed from body...
604 60, 6048911, 424423, A61M 1100
Patent
active
058003908
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to equipment for intracerebral administration of preparations and, more particularly, an intracerebral preparation-administering equipment for use in the medical field to administer a preparation containing one or more drugs directly to internal part of the brain to carry out medical treatment of the brain.
BACKGROUND ART
As is well known, functions of the living body are controlled by bioactive substances which are produced in a certain part of the living body and brought their ability into full play at that part. Similarly, even in the brain, the living body produces bioactive substances required to control activities of the brain. Among them, there has been known such a bioactive substance, so-called nerve growth factor. This bioactive substance is a neurotrophic factor having a function to cause the cell respiration and cell differentiation of the brain and is a protein on which people place their hopes as a material for development of a new medicine for senile dementias, which are becoming a problem recently, for example, nervous degenerated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, i.e., one of dementia presenilis.
As a means for carrying out administration of preparations containing the above bioactive substance, it would be thought of using oral administration or intravenous administration. In case of the oral administration of bioactive substances, however, it provides almost no drug efficacy because of decomposition in the digestive system or a first-pass effect caused at the liver. On the other hand, in case of the intravenous administration, it is difficult to transfer the drug to the internal part of the brain as the blood brain barriers could be a large obstacle in passage of the drug. That is, most of the substances can not pass through blood brain barriers as blood capillaries in the substantive parts of the brain have inner walls covered with cells which are poor in permeability and have such a unique structure that these inner cells are joined together by tight junctions. In addition, the blood brain barriers, which are present between the brain and the blood in the brain, prevent disordered transfer or distribution of ingredients of the blood or medicines administered to or absorbed in the blood. Thus, there is such a problem that proteinaceous bioactive substances such as the nervous growth factor can not be transferred to the brain by the general oral administration or intravenous administration.
Aa a solution to these problems it would be thought of (1) administration of a bioactive substance to the spinal cord, or (2) administration of a bioactive substance to the brain by craniotomy or transforation. However, the process (1) is unsuitable for administration of bioactive substances as braincerebrospinal barrier prevents disordered transfer or distribution of high polymers such as protein, peptide and the like in the same manner as the blood brain barriers. On the other hand, the process (2) has such problems that it requires surgical operations, that it is complex in handling, and that it would make physical, psychological and economical burdens too heavy for the patient. Further, there is a great risk of occurrence of infectious diseases. In addition, it is necessary to administer the bioactive substances at frequent intervals to improve the curative effect since the bioactive substances are short in half-life time even if administered to the internal part of the brain directly.
The problem that the repeated administration is required would be solved to a certain extent by use of a sustained release preparation, which has been proposed in Japanese patent application Ser. No. 1-208484 by some of the present inventors to extend the duration time of the bioactive substances. However, there still remains a problem of how to administer the preparations to the internal part of the brain without surgical operations.
Separate from the above, as the most sure means for sending a preparation into the brain, there has been known an Ommaya reservoir
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Fujioka Keiji
Hayakawa Toru
Irie Tsunemasa
Sasaki Yoshio
Sato Akira
Buiz Michael
Koken Co. Ltd.
Nguyen A. T.
Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Company Limited
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