Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving virus or bacteriophage
Patent
1994-05-11
1999-10-12
Knode, Marian C.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving virus or bacteriophage
435339, 530324, 530325, 530327, 530350, 5303879, 5303883, 5303894, 5303911, C12Q 170, C12N 520, C07K 1405, C07K 1608
Patent
active
059653531
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to peptides immunochemically reactive with antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), monoclonal antibodies against these peptides, cell lines capable of producing monoclonal antibodies and anti-idiotype antibodies. The invention is further concerned with immunological reagents and methods for the detection of EBV or anti-EBV antibodies.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
EBV is an ubiquitous human herpes virus that was first discovered in association with the African (endemic or e) form of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). Subsequently the virus was also found associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and was shown to be the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (IM). Infection usually occurs during early childhood, generally resulting in a subclinical manifestation, occasionally with mild symptoms. Infection during adolescence or adulthood, however, can give rise to IM characterized by the presence of atypical lymphocytes in the periphery. The bulk of these lymphocytes are T lymphocytes; however, included in their number are a small population of B lymphocytes infected by EBV. The infection of B lymphocytes may also be accomplished in vitro. Such cells become transformed and proliferate indefinitely in culture and have been referred to as "immortalized", "latently infected" or "growth transformed". As far as is known, all individuals who become infected with EBV remain latently infected for life. This is reflected by the lifelong continuous presence of small numbers of EBV-genome positive transformed B-cells among the circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes and the continual but periodic shedding of virus in the oropharynx.
In the vast majority of cases EBV infection results in a lymphoproliferative disease that may be temporarily debilitating, but is always benign and self-limiting. In certain immunosuppressed individuals, however, the result can be full-blown malignancy. This occurs in individuals who are immuno-suppressed intentionally, particularly children receiving organ transplants who are treated with cyclosporine A, or opportunistically, as in the case with individuals infected with HIV, or genetically, as in the case of affected males carrying the XLP (x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome) gene. In these cases the resulting malignancies derive from the polyclonal proliferation of EBV-infected B cells. In addition, in such patients uncontrolled epithelial replication of the virus is detectable in lesions of oral hairy leukoplakia. Thus, the immune response plays a central role in the control of EBV infection.
The presence of EBV in cells or tissues can be demonstrated by detection of the viral genome or demonstration of the EBNA-1 protein, the sole latency associated protein product that is universally expressed in EBV-infected cells.
As mentioned above EBV is a member of the herpesviruses. It possesses the following structural properties: basepairs). icosahedral capsid, and a membrane envelope enclosing the capsid. The icosahedral capsid is built up of hexameric and pentameric capsomeres. The membrane envelope consists of a protein/lipid bilayer membrane with spikes on its outer surface. The space between the capsid shell and the envelope is filled with amorphous protein, called the tegument. infection in its host subsequent to primary infection. This latency represents a perfect balance between EBV and its human host, controlled by the hosts immune system.
To date most biochemical and biological studies have been performed on three prototype strains of EBV, being B95-8 (transforming virus produced in a marmoset cell line), P3HR1 (non-transforming virus produced by a Burkitt's lymphoma tumor cell line) and Raji (latent virus in a Burkitt's lymphoma tumor cell line).
During the last few years the entire DNA sequence of prototype virus strain, B95-8, has been determined. Analysis of this sequence has resulted in the identification of more than 80 open reading frames (Baer et al., 1984, Nature 310, p. 207-211).
The biology of EBV poses a speci
REFERENCES:
patent: 5374520 (1994-12-01), Milman
Petersen et al., Human T Cell Responses to the Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1) as Evaluated by Synthetic Peptides, Cellular Immunology 123:325-333, 1989.
Orlowski et al., Inhibition of Specific Binding of EBNA 1 to DNA by Murine Monoclonal and Certain Human Polyclonal Antibodies, Virology 176:638-642, 1990.
Milman et al., Carboxyl-terminal domain of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen is highly immunogenic in man, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6300-6304, 1985.
Hammerskjold et al., "High-level expression of the Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1 protein in CV1 cells and human lymphoid cells using a SV40 late replacement vector," Gene, vol. 43, No. 1-2, 1986, pp. 41-50, The Netherlands.
Yates et al., "Stable replication of plasmids derived from Epstein-Barr virus in various mammalian cells," Nature, vol. 313, pp. 812-815, Feb. 28, 1985, UK.
Akzo Nobel N.V.
Gormley Mary E.
Knode Marian C.
Wortman Donna C.
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