Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – From phenol – phenol ether – or inorganic phenolate
Reexamination Certificate
1999-12-02
2002-03-12
Sellers, Robert E. L. (Department: 1712)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
From phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate
C525S423000, C525S486000, C525S504000, C525S526000, C528S118000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06355763
ABSTRACT:
The invention relates to curable mixtures of glycidyl compounds and aminic hardeners, which comprise heterocyclic tertiary amines as cure accelerators and which, while having a long potlife, still have a rapid full cure rate.
Curable mixtures based on glycidyl compounds and aminic hardeners are widely used in industry for coating and improving the quality of metallic and mineral surfaces.
The amines used are especially aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic compounds, and also polyaminoamides, based on mono- or poly-basic acids, which may or may not contain imidazoline groups, as well as adducts thereof with epoxy resins.
Such compounds are described in Lee & Neville, Handbook of Epoxy Resins, 1967, Chapters 6/1 to 10/19.
Although the curable mixtures based on epoxy resins and such amine compounds usually have an adequately long potlife, once they have been applied to the various substrates their curing rate is for many fields of use too slow.
In addition, the viscosity of many compounds, especially the viscosity of the higher epoxy resin adducts and of the polyaminoamides or adducts thereof, is relatively high, especially in the low temperature range.
The curing rate can be increased by the addition of suitable cure accelerators.
For that purpose, in some systems Mannich bases of tertiary amines, such as, for example tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (DMP30), are used.
A disadvantage of such compounds, however, is that they cannot be used for a large number of applications because of their strong tendency to yellow and their relatively high viscosity and also, especially, their substantially curtailed potlife.
For that reason, in some applications phenol-free accelerators that contain at least one tertiary amine group are employed. A typical representative of that class is dimethylaminopropylamine. Although some of the above-mentioned problems, such as, for example, the tendency to yellow, are not so pronounced, such accelerators likewise have the disadvantage that, while the curing rate is appreciably increased, the pottife is substantially shortened.
The problem underlying the present invention is therefore to make available curable mixtures, based on epoxy resins and amines, that have a comparatively low viscosity and in which the accelerators do not have a tendency to yellow, that are toxicologically harmless and, while having comparably long or prolonged potlives, have an appreciably faster curing rate than the non-accelerated mixtures, and of which the physical, mechanical and optical properties remain at a high level.
This problem is solved by curable mixtures based on epoxy resins and conventional aminic hardeners that comprise as cure accelerators heterocyclic amines which can be prepared by the reaction of formaldehyde with amines, each of which contains a primary and a tertiary amine group.
The invention accordingly relates to curable mixtures based on epoxy resins and aminic hardeners, where appropriate with the concomitant use of solvents, plasticisers, UV stabilisers, dyes, pigments, fillers, wherein there is used as cure accelerator from 1 to 20% by weight, based on epoxy resin, of at least one heterocyclic compound of the general formula (I)
wherein R
1
, R
2
and R
3
, which may be the same or different, are
—(CH
2
)
a
—N—[(CH
2
)
b
—CH
3
]
2
radicals in which a=2 or especially 3 and b=1 or especially 0.
The invention relates also to curable mixtures consisting of:
a) from 30 to 70% by weight, based on epoxy resin+hardeners, of epoxy resin having an EP value of from 0.4 to 0.56
b) from 25 to 70% by weight, based on epoxy resin+hardeners, of aminic hardeners
c) from 1 to 10% by weight, based on epoxy resin, of cure accelerator of the general formula (I).
Further subjects of the invention are characterised by the claims.
The heterocyclic amines used in accordance with the invention can be prepared by the reaction of formaldehyde with amines of the general formula (II)
H
2
N—(CH
2
)
a
—N[(CH
2
)
b
—CH
3
]
2
(II)
wherein a and b are as defined above, in a molar ratio of formaldehyde to amine of from 0.9:1 to, preferably, 1:1.
The preparation is generally carried out by introducing the amine into a reaction vessel and adding formaldehyde, preferably paraformaldehyde, thereto in portions. The reaction proceeds exothermically. The addition of the aldehyde is therefore controlled in such a manner that a reaction temperature of approximately 100° C. is not exceeded. According to the invention, the reaction is carried out preferably at a temperature of approximately from 30° to 80° C. The water of reaction formed is removed from the reaction mixture after the whole amount of the formaldehyde has been added, its removal being effected by increasing the temperature to approximately 130° C. and, if necessary, applying reduced pressure. The residue which remains can be used as cure accelerator without further purification.
The epoxide compounds used in accordance with the invention are customary commercial products having more than one epoxy group per molecule that are derived from mono- or/and poly-hydric, mono- or/and poly-nuclear phenols, especially bisphenols, and novolaks. A comprehensive list of such di- or poly-phenols may be found in the handbook “Epoxidverbindungen und Epoxidharze” by A. M. Paquin, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1958, Chapter IV, and Lee & Neville “Handbook of Epoxy Resins”, 1967, Chapter 2.
It is also possible to use mixtures of two or more of the epoxy resins. Preference is given to glycidyl compounds based on bisphenol A (4,4′-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane-2,2) having epoxy values of from 0.4 to 0.56.
It is also possible to use mixtures of the epoxy resins with so-called reactive diluents, such as, for example, monoglycidyl ethers of phenols or mono- or di-functional aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols. Such reactive diluents are used especially to reduce viscosity and should be employed only in small amounts since they have an adverse effect on the final properties of the duromer.
The epoxy resins mentioned by way of example can be used both for the curable combinations and for the preparation of the hardener/epoxide adducts that are likewise suitable for use in the process according to the invention.
The hardeners used in accordance with the invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic amines, aminoamides, which may or may not contain imidazoline groups, and adducts thereof with glycidyl compounds, containing more than two reactive amine hydrogen atoms per molecule. Those compounds form part of the general state of the art and are described, for example, in Lee & Neville, “Handbook of Epoxy Resins”, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1967, Chapters 6 to 10.
For the purpose of coating metal or mineral substrates, preference is given to the use of cycloaliphatic amines or polyaminoamides based on mono- or poly-basic carboxylic acids and polyalkylenepolyamines, and also adducts thereof with glycidyl compounds.
Such hardeners are customary commercial products and are marketed, for example, by Witco GmbH under the trade mark EUREDUR®, especially EUREDUR (ED) 43, ED 46, ED 350.
Hardeners and epoxide compounds are used in the process according to the invention preferably in approximately equivalent amounts, that is, based on active amine hydrogen atoms and reactive epoxy groups. It is, however, also possible to use hardeners or glycidyl components in excess or in less than the stoichiometric amount. The amounts of each are generally in the range of approximately from 10 to 200% by weight based on glycidyl compounds, and are governed by the desired final properties of the reaction product. Conventional catalytic hardeners for epoxy resins can be used alongside the cure accelerators, according to the invention.
Generally, the cure accelerators according to the invention and the conventional catalytic or reactive hardeners can be added in the desired ratio to the epoxide compound separately or in the form of a mixture.
The mixing ratio of glycidyl compound to the cure accelera
Scherzer Wolfgang
Volle Jörg
Lyon & Lyon LLP
Sellers Robert E. L.
Vantico GmbH & Co. KG
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