Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Enzyme or coenzyme containing – Hydrolases
Patent
1985-12-03
1987-09-22
Brown, Johnnie R.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Enzyme or coenzyme containing
Hydrolases
A61K 3748
Patent
active
046954570
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is concerned with an enzyme composition promoting digestion in the fluids present within the gastrointestinal tract. In particular, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical enzyme composition for the in vivo treatment of inadequate digestion in terrestrial mammals, especially man; in other words, the composition is to be used as a digestion promoter acting in the gastrointestinal tract. The invention is also concerned with a method for such a treatment. The composition contains an enzyme preparation derived from an aquatic animal of the order Euphausiaceae or of the genus Mallotus.
In the present specification and claims, the term "enzyme" refers to an active enzyme unless otherwise stated.
PRIOR ART
Digestion of ingested food starts in the mouth cavity and then goes on as the food passes through the stomach, the tract of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and the colon. During this digestive process different enzymes act on different types of substrates in different regions (The Mitchell Beazley Atlas of the Body and Mind, 1976).
Inadequate digestion may be caused by various kinds of disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Examples of such disturbances are:
If the food is not crunched and kneaded sufficiently well in the mouth cavity and consequently the ptyalin of the saliva fails to mix efficiently with the carbohydrates, then the normal degradation of complex sugars to maltose will not proceed to a satisfactory degree.
In the cases of patients suffering from achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria in the stomach the conversion of proteins to acidic albumoses and peptones is impaired, thus rendering the digestive process incomplete. The same applies in case of inadequate pepsin excretion from the stomach wall.
If the bile from the gall bladder does not reach the lipids present in the duodenum this will result in an incomplete fat emulsification, with concomitant thwarting of an appropriate enzymatic degradation of the lipids.
The pancreatic gland may have undergone morbid changes preventing it from excreting a sufficient amount of enzymes for a fully satisfactory digestion of the lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. For example, the pancreas may have been excised because of a cancer; or the patient may suffer from pancreatic dysfunction due to a chronic pancreatitis that has been initiated by alcoholism; other examples are pancreatic fibrosis; hyperparathyroidism; gallstones; congenital pancreatic dysfunction.
If in the case of an individual that has undergone stomach surgery the food is caused to pass through the duodenum very quickly this may have the effect that the pancreas is not stimulated to a sufficient extent.
If due to shunt operations of the Bilroth II type the food goes directly from the stomach to the distal portions of the small intestine then again the pancreas is not stimulated to a sufficient extent and enzyme production becomes too low for an adequate digestion to occur.
Insufficient enzyme excretion in the lower portion of the small intestine (in the jejunum or ileum) may result in deficient final decomposition of e.g. proteins.
In cases where the bacterial flora of the colon has been severely reduced because of for instance oral administration of broad spectrum antibiotics the digestive process in the colon may be impaired so much as to become insufficient. This same condition sometimes arises also when food passes too quickly through this portion of the alimentary tract due to functional or organic causes (nervousness, colitis of various types, tumors, resection of the colon).
There exist at present numerous pharmaceutical enzyme compositions which are to assist the digestive process in cases of pancreatic failure or insufficiency; that is, these compositions are to enhance digestion in the duodenum. Pancreatin is an example of such a drug (GB No. 1561613). Enzymes derived from fish intestines and from other aquatic animals have likewise been described as digestion promoters (FR No. 1015566). Commercially available products are for ex
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Hellgren Lars G. I.
Mohr Viggo
Vincent Jan G.
Brown Johnnie R.
Pharmacia AB
Philpitt Fred
Rollins John W.
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