Enzymatic processes

Details Enzymatic processes Enzymatic processes

1980-04-15

1982-03-09

Andrews, R. L.

Chemistry: electrical and wave energy

Processes and products

204 72, C25B 304

Patent

active

043187846

ABSTRACT:
There are provided processes for carrying out enzymatic reactions, especially processes for the oxidative or reductive transformation of organic compounds catalyzed by enzymes, in which the enzymes require a continuing supply of reducing equivalents to regenerate reduced enzyme species in enzymatically active form, and in which the reducing equivalents are derived electrochemically, including electrochemically from molecular hydrogen, the reducing equivalents preferably being passed directly to the enzyme from the cathode of an electrochemical system.

REFERENCES:
A publication by Eddowes and Hill, entitled "Novel Method for the Investigation of the Electrochemistry of Metalloproteins: Cytochrome C", published in J.C.S. Chem. Comm. 1977, pp. 771-772.
A publication by Coughlin, Aizawa and Charles, entitled "Preparation and Properties of soluble-insoluble nicotinamide coenzymes" published in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. XVIII, pp. 1999-2208 (1976).
A publication by Aizawa, Coughlin and Charles, entitled "Electro-Regeneration of the Reduced from the Oxidised Form Immobilised _NAD", published in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. XVIII pp. 209-215 (1976).
A publication by Coughlin, Aizawa, Alexander and Charles entitled "Immobilised-Enzyme Continous-Flow Reactor incorporating Continuous Electrochemical Regeneration of NAD", published in Biotechnology and Bioengineering vol. XVII pp. 515-526 (1975).
A publication by Aizawa, Coughlin and Charles, entitled "Electrochemical Regeneration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide", published in Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 385 (1975) 362-370.
A publication by Aizawa, Suzuki and Kubo, entitled _"Electrolytic Regeneration of NADH from NAD.sup.+ with a liquid crystal membrane Electrolyde", published in Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 444 (1976) 886-892.
An English translation of a publication by Fujihira and Osa, entitled "Chemically Modified Electrodes--Crossroads of Biochemistry and Electrochemistry" published in Denki Kgaku--vol. 45, No. 5, 270-280 (1977).
A publication by Landrum, Salmon & Hawkridge, entitled "A Surface-Modified Gold Minigrid Electrode which Heterogeneously reduces Spinnage Ferredoxin" published in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 99:9, Apr. 1977, pp. 3154-3158.
Yeh et al., "Reversible Electrode Reaction of Cytochrome c"; Chemistry Letters, 1977, pp. 1145-1148.
Suzuki et al., "Ethanol and Lactic Acid Sensors Using Electrodes Coated with Dehydrogenase-Collagen Membrane" Bull. of Chem. Soc. of Japan, vol. 48 (11), 3246-3249 (1975).
Schmakel et al., "Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD.sup.+) and Related Compounds, Electrochemical Redox Pattern and Allied Chemical Behavior", Journal of American Chemical Society, 97:18, Sep. 3, 1975.
Scheller et al., "Electrochemical Aspects of Cytochrome P-450 System from Liver Microsomes", Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 4, 500-507 (1977).
Varfolomeev et al., "Bioelectrocatalysis, Hydrogenase as Catalyst of Electrochemical Hydrogen Ionization", Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 4, 314-326 (1977).
Kwee et al., "Indirect Electrochemical Reduction of Proteins", Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 2, 231-244 (1975).
Scheller et al., "Peroxidatic Activity of Liver Microsomal Cytochrome P-450", FEBS Letters vol. 71, No. 2, Dec. 1976, pp. 309-312.
Weibel et al., "Biochemical Fuel Cells--Demonstration of an Obligatory Pathway Involving an External Circuit for the Enzymatically Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose", Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 169, 146-151 (1975).

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