Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Heterocyclic ring compound; a heterocyclic ring is one...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-07-13
2001-03-27
Medley, Margaret (Department: 1714)
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Heterocyclic ring compound; a heterocyclic ring is one...
C508S291000, C508S304000, C508S577000, C508S578000, C508S579000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06207624
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Internal combustion engines operate under a wide range of temperatures including low temperature stop and go service as well as high temperature conditions produced by continuous high speed driving. Stop and go driving, particularly during cold, damp weather conditions, leads to formation of a sludge in the crankcase and in the oil passages of a gasoline or a diesel engine. This sludge seriously limits the ability of the crankcase oil to lubricate the engine effectively. In addition, the sludge with its entrapped water tends to contribute to rust formation in the engine. These problems tend to be aggravated by the manufacture's lubrication service recommendations which specify extended drain oils.
Another problem facing the lubricant manufacturer is that of seal deterioration in the engine. All internal combustion engines use elastomer seals, such as viton seals, in their assembly. Over time, these seal are susceptible to serious deterioration caused by the lubricating oil composition and the deterioration results in oil leaking from the engine. A lubricating oil composition that degrades the elastomer seals in an engine is unacceptable to engine manufacturers and has limited value.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is known to employ nitrogen containing dispersants and/or detergents in the formation of crankcase lubricating oil compositions. Many of the known dispersant/detergent compounds are based on the reaction of an alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride with an amine or polyamine to produce an alkylsuccinimide or an alkenylsuccinimic acid as determined by selected conditions of reaction.
With the introduction of four cylinder internal combustion engines which must operate at relatively higher engine speeds or RPM's than conventional 6- and 8-cylinder engines in order to produce the required torque output, it has become increasingly difficult to provide a satisfactory dispersant lubricating oil composition.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,636,322 (Nalesnik, Jan. 13, 1987) provides an additive which improves the dispersancy and viton seal compatibility of a lubricating oil. The lubricating oil composition comprises a major portion of a lubricating oil and a minor dispersant amount of a reaction product prepared by the process which comprises:
(a) reacting a polyethylene amine with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride to form a bis-alkenyl succinimide;
(b) acylating said bis-alkenyl-succinimide with glycolic acid to form a partially glycolated bis-alkenyl succinimide;
(c) adding an excess of a formaldehyde to said partially glycolated bis-alkenyl succinimide to form an iminium salt of the glycolated bis-alkenyl succinimide;
(d) adding a phenol to said iminium salt, thereby forming an acylated Mannich phenol coupled glycamide bis-alkenyl succinimide; and
(e) recovering said acylated Mannich phenol coupled glycamide bis-alkenyl succinimide.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,064 Nalesnik et al., May 5, 1987) provides a novel additive which improves the dispersancy and viton seal compatibility of a lubricating oil. The lubricating oil composition comprises a major portion of a lubricating oil and a minor dispersant amount of a reaction product prepared by the process which
(a) reacting a polyethylene amine with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride to form a bis-alkenyl succinimide;
(b) acylating said bis-alkenyl-succinimide with glycolic acid to form a partially glycolated bis-alkenyl succinimide;
(c) adding a diacid to said glycolated bis-alkenyl succininide, thereby forming an acylated diacid coupled glycamide bis-alkenyl succinimide; and
(d) recovering said acylated diacid coupled glycamide bis-alkenyl succinimide.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,699,724 Nalesnik et al., Oct. 13, 1987) relates to an additive which improves the dispersancy and viton seal compatibility of a lubricating oil. The lubricating oil composition comprises a major portion of a lubricating oil and a minor dispersant amount of a reaction product comprising:
(a) reacting a polyethylene amine with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride to form a mono-alkenyl succinimide;
(b) adding an excess of a formaldehyde to the monoalkenyl succinimide to form an imine of the monoalkenyl succinimide;
(c) adding a phenol to the imine, thereby forming a Mannich phenol coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide;
(d) acylating the coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide with glycolic acid to form a glycolated, Mannich phenol coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide; and
(e) recovering the acylated, Mannich phenol coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,189 (Nalesnik et al., Dec. 15, 1987) provides a novel additive which improves the dispersancy and viton seal compatibility of a lubricating oil. The lubricating oil composition comprises a major portion of a lubricating oil and a minor dispersant amount of a reaction product comprising:
(a) reacting a polyethyleamine with a phenolic compound in the presence of excess formaldehyde to give a Mannich coupled polyethyleneamine;
(b) reacting the Mannich coupled polyethyleneamine with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride to form a Mannich coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide;
(c) acylating the coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide with glycolic acid to form a glycolated, Mannich coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide; and
(d) recovering the glycolated, Mannich coupled mono-alkenyl succinimide.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,713,191 (Nalesnik, Dec. 15, 1987) provides an additive which improves the dispersancy of a lubricating oil. The lubricating oil composition comprises a major portion of a lubricating oil and a minor dispersant amount of a reaction product prepared by the process which comprises:
(a) reacting a polyethylene amine with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride to form a bis-alkenyl succinimide;
(b) acylating said bis-alkenyl-succinimide with glycolic acid to form a partially glycolated bisalkenyl succinimide;
(c) adding an organic diisocyanate to said glycolated bis-alkenyl succinimide, thereby forming a diurea coupled glycamide bis-alkenyl succinimide; and
(d) recovering said diurea coupled glycamide bisalkenyl succinimide.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,211,835 (Forester, May 18, 1993) pertains to the use of reaction products of partially glycolated polyalkenyl succinimides and diisocyanates to inhibit fouling in liquid hydrocarbon mediums during the heat treatment processing of the medium, such as in refinery processes.
The reaction products are formed via a three-step reaction. In the first step, a polyalkenyl succinic anhydride is reacted with an amine, preferably a polyamine, such as a polyethyleneamine, in order to form a polyalkenylsuccinimide intermediate. The intermediate is then reacted with enough glycolic acid to acylate all of the free basic amines except for one or one equivalent amine to form a partially glycolated bis-alkenyl succinimide. A diisocyanate is then added to the succinimide to form the desired reaction product.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A lubricating composition is disclosed which has a major amount of an oil of lubrication viscosity and a minor amount of
(A) a nitrogen containing dispersant with a total base number of from 20 to 160 wherein the improvement comprises adding to said dispersant;
(B) a sludge preventing/seal protecting additive of at least one aldehyde or epoxide or mixtures thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Oil of Lubrication Viscosity
The diverse oils of lubricating viscosity include natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof These lubricants include crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, including automobile and truck engines, two-cycle engines, aviation piston engines, marine and railroad diesel engines, and the like. They can also be used in gas engines, stationary power engines and turbines and the like. Automatic transmission fluids, transaxle lubricants, gear lubricants, metal-working lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other lubricating oil and grease compositions can also benefit from the incorporation therein of the compositions of the present invention.
Natural oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g., cas
Abraham William D.
Lamb Gordon David
Shanklin James R.
Stachew Carl F.
Supp James A.
Medley Margaret
Shold David M.
The Lubrizol Corporation
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