Electric lamp and discharge devices – Fluent material supply or flow directing means – Plasma
Patent
1998-03-12
2000-10-31
Patel, Nimeshkumar D.
Electric lamp and discharge devices
Fluent material supply or flow directing means
Plasma
313 62, 315502, 315504, H01J 1726, H01J 6128, H05H 1300, H05H 1100
Patent
active
061407526
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
At the present time, plasmas are difficult to contain and utilize. One notable use of plasmas utilizing particles of opposite charge is in fusion reactors wherein the dual-charged plasma is raised to high energy levels and contained within strong magnetic fields. The dual-charged plasma is amorphous in shape in that it is contained as a ring shaped mass held in place by magnetic fields and includes particles of unlike charge having pathways or orbits within the ring that are not precisely fixed or defined.
Plasmas with a single sign of charge have been previously studied. (See, e.g., "Non-Neutral Plasma Physics" (C. W. Roberson and C. F. Driscoll, ed.), AIP Conference Proceedings 175, Am. Inst. Physics, New York (1988).) These plasmas are known by several different names such as "nonneutral plasmas" or "single component plasmas." In nonneutral plasma research, studies are conducted in a regime of very stable plasmas with low speed energy per particle and low to modest plasma densities.
The main thrust of the studies of nonneutral plasmas is to achieve long term confinement of the plasmas and to study such properties as wave phenomena. In order to achieve long term confinement, these plasmas are stored in traps, such as the Penning trap, and are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The free energy stored in these plasmas is minimized. The available energy per particle is typically about one electron volt or less. Typical densities studied are about 10.sup.13 m.sup.-3 for conventional magnetic fields of about 700 Gauss or up to 4.times.10.sup.16 m.sup.-3 for high magnetic fields such as 80 kGauss (8 Teslas). These plasmas have very low ratios of plasma frequency to the cyclotron frequency. The relatively low density of these plasmas and their low stored energy per particle indicate that the total stored energy per unit volume, which is the product of the number of particles per unit volume times the energy per particle, is very low.
A traditional use of nonneutral plasmas is in particle accelerators such as cyclotrons where charged particles are raised to high energy levels and contained by complex magnets. The shape of the mass of charged particles is essentially amorphous. A third use of charged particles is for electron beams. These beams are useful for welding and deposition, but are transient in nature and of a simple, line geometry.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
For the purposes of this invention, a single-charge or mono-charged plasma is defined as a collection of charged particles of like charge. That is, the mono-charged plasma or plurality of charged particles can be either all negatively, or all positively charged.
A plasma geometry that is fixed rather than amorphous is provided by the present invention in which the particles move in definable paths. When so configured, the monocharged plasma will be containable and controllable to a far greater degree than an amorphous plasma. Energy can be added to or removed from the mono-charged plasma in a well defined, simple, and controlled manner opening new possibilities for energy storage.
The system provides a generator for a fixed geometry, mono-charged plasma having a specific toroidal shape. The system shapes the plasma into a toroid using a circular magnetic field generated by a charged particle beam, a single conductor, or a toroidal conductor coil, or other method.
A mono-charged plasma is shaped into a fixed and stable geometric form in which the orbit of the charged particles is definable and predictable. The geometry of the plasma will be a toroid, an elongated toroid, a figure eight shape or any number of desirable shapes. The toroid will be hollow, with a thin shell of orbiting particles. The particles orbit in various orbital layers based on the energy levels of the particles. That is, particles of lower energy have a smaller orbital radius than particles of higher energy. Within each orbit, adjacent particles couple together to form a matrix at temperatures of room temperature.
A fixed geometry plasma generator can
REFERENCES:
patent: 2233779 (1941-03-01), Fritz
patent: 2993851 (1961-07-01), Thomson et al.
patent: 3029199 (1962-04-01), Baker et al.
patent: 3113088 (1963-12-01), Josephson
patent: 3141826 (1964-07-01), Friedrichs et al.
patent: 3155594 (1964-11-01), Lehnert et al.
patent: 3255404 (1966-06-01), Kidwell
patent: 3626305 (1971-12-01), Furth et al.
patent: 4555666 (1985-11-01), Martin
patent: 5175466 (1992-12-01), Seward, III
patent: 5773919 (1998-06-01), Seward
Gilbert, S. L., et al., "Shell-Structure Phase of Magnetically Confined Strongly Coupled Plasmas" Physical Review Letters, vol. 60, No. 20, May 16, 1988, pp. 2022-2025.
Ono, M., et al. "Reflection at a Metal Surface in a Magnetically Controlled Beam Plasma Discharge" Database Inspec Institute of Electrical Engineers, Stevenage, GB, 1989 International Conference on Plasma Physics, New Delhi, India, Nov. 22-28, 1989, pp. 997-1000.
Chen, K.W., et al. "Compact Toroidal Energy Storage Device Using a Relativistically Electron Cloud Densified by Travelling Magnetic Waves (TMW)" Digest of Technical Papers of the 4th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Jun. 6-8, 1983, New York, NY, USA, IEEE, USA, pp. 518-521.
Radin, et al.,, "Physics for Scientists and Engineers," (Prentice-Hall 1982), pp. 559-560.
Malmberg, J.H., et al., "Pure Electron Plasma, Liquid, and Crystal," Physical Review Letters, 39(21):1333-1336, (Nov. 21, 1997).
Gilbert, S.L. et al., "Shell-Structure Phase of Magnetically Confined Strongly Coupled Plasmas," Physical Review Letters, 60(20):2022-2025, (May 16, 1998).
Hangst, J.S., et al., "Anomalous Schottky Signals from a Laser-Cooled Ion Beam,"Physical Review Letters, 74(1):88-89, (Jan. 2, 1995).
Chen Chiping
Seward D. Clint
Temkin Richard J.
Electron Power Systems
Haynes Mack
Patel Nimeshkumar D.
LandOfFree
Energy storage device having a plurality of single charged parti does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Energy storage device having a plurality of single charged parti, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Energy storage device having a plurality of single charged parti will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2055724