Coating processes – Electrical product produced – Condenser or capacitor
Patent
1996-09-30
1998-09-01
Lusignan, Michael
Coating processes
Electrical product produced
Condenser or capacitor
29 2501, 29 2503, 3613014, 361305, 361503, 427282, B05D 512
Patent
active
058008578
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an energy storage device, and more particularly to a bipolar double layer capacitor-type energy storage device, and to improved methods for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Energy Storage Devices--There has been significant research over the years, relating to useful reliable electrical storage devices, such as a capacitor or a battery. Large energy storage capabilities are common for batteries; however, batteries also display low power densities. In contrast, electrolytic capacitors possess very high power densities and a limited energy density. Further, carbon based electrode double-layer capacitors have a large energy density; but, due to their high equivalent series resistance (ESR), have low power capabilities. It would therefore be highly desirable to have an electrical storage device that has both a high energy density and a high power density.
A recent review by B. E. Conway in J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 138 (#6), p. 1539 (June 1991) discusses the transition from "supercapacitor" to "battery" in electrochemical energy storage, and identifies performance characteristics of various capacitor devices.
D. Craig, Canadian Patent No. 1,196,683, in November 1985, discusses the usefulness of electric storage devices based on ceramic-oxide coated electrodes and pseudo-capacitance. However, attempts to utilize this disclosure have resulted in capacitors which have inconsistent electrical properties and which are often unreliable. These devices cannot be charged to 1.0 V per cell, and have large, unsatisfactory leakage currents. Furthermore, these devices have a very low cycle life. In addition, the disclosed packaging is inefficient.
M. Matroka and R. Hackbart, U.S. Pat. No. 5,121,288, discusses a capacitive power supply based on the Craig patent which is not enabling for the present invention. A capacitor configuration as a power supply for a radiotelephone is taught; however, no enabling disclosure for the capacitor is taught.
J. Kalenowsky, U.S. Pat. No. 5,063,340, discusses a capacitive power supply having a charge equalization circuit. This circuit allows a multicell capacitor to be charged without overcharging the individual cells. The present invention does not require a charge equalization circuit to fully charge a multicell stack configuration without overcharging an intermediate cell.
H. Lee, et al. in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 25 (#1), p.324 (January 1989), and G. Bullard, et al., in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 25 (#1) p. 102 (January 1989) discuss the pulse power characteristics of high-energy ceramic-oxide based double-layer capacitors. In this reference various performance characteristics are discussed, with no enabling discussion of the construction methodology. The present invention provides a more reliable device with more efficient packaging.
Carbon electrode based double-layer capacitors have been extensively developed based on the original work of Rightmire, U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,641. A. Yoshida et al., in IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. CHMT-10, #1, P-100-103 (March 1987) discusses an electric double-layer capacitor composed of activated carbon fiber electrodes and a nonaqueous electrolyte. In addition, the packaging of this double-layer capacitor is revealed. This device is on the order of 0.4-1 cc in volume with an energy storage capability of around 1-10 J/cc.
T. Suzuki, et al., in NEC Research and Development, No. 82, pp. 118-123, July 1986, discloses improved self-discharge characteristics of the carbon electric double-layer capacitor with the use of porous separator materials on the order of 0.004 inches thick. An inherent problem of carbon based electrodes is the low conductivity of the material resulting in a low current density being delivered from these devices. A second difficulty is that the construction of multicell stacks is not done in a true bipolar electrode configuration. These difficulti
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Ahmad Nazir
Tsai Keh-Chi
Lusignan Michael
Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc.
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