Electrical generator or motor structure – Non-dynamoelectric – Piezoelectric elements and devices
Reexamination Certificate
2005-06-28
2005-06-28
Budd, Mark (Department: 2834)
Electrical generator or motor structure
Non-dynamoelectric
Piezoelectric elements and devices
C310S330000, C310S800000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06911764
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to polymers that convert between electrical and mechanical energy. When a voltage is applied to electrodes contacting an electroactive polymer, the polymer deflects. This deflection may be used to do mechanical work. Similarly, when a previously charged electroactive polymer deflects, the electric field in the material is changed. The change in electric field may be used to produce electrical energy. An active area is a portion of a polymer having sufficient electrostatic force to enable deflection of the portion and/or sufficient deflection to enable a change in electrostatic force or electric field. The present invention relates to energy efficient transducers and devices comprising multiple active areas on one or more electroactive polymers. The invention also relates to methods for actuating one or more active areas on one or more electroactive polymers while maintaining a substantially constant potential energy.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3304773 (1967-02-01), Rogallo
patent: 3403234 (1968-09-01), Barnes, Jr.
patent: 3801839 (1974-04-01), Yo
patent: 3832580 (1974-08-01), Yamamuro et al.
patent: 3935485 (1976-01-01), Yoshida et al.
patent: 4051395 (1977-09-01), Taylor
patent: 4170742 (1979-10-01), Itagaki et al.
patent: 4315433 (1982-02-01), Edelman et al.
patent: 4384394 (1983-05-01), Lemonon et al.
patent: 4400634 (1983-08-01), Micheron
patent: 4401911 (1983-08-01), Ravinet et al.
patent: 4518555 (1985-05-01), Ravinet et al.
patent: 4678955 (1987-07-01), Toda
patent: 4686440 (1987-08-01), Hatamura et al.
patent: 4839872 (1989-06-01), Gragnolati et al.
patent: 4843275 (1989-06-01), Radice
patent: 4877957 (1989-10-01), Okada et al.
patent: 4885783 (1989-12-01), Whitehead et al.
patent: 4969197 (1990-11-01), Takaya
patent: 5024872 (1991-06-01), Wilson et al.
patent: 5170089 (1992-12-01), Fulton
patent: 5229979 (1993-07-01), Scheinbeim et al.
patent: 5250784 (1993-10-01), Muller et al.
patent: 5254296 (1993-10-01), Perlman
patent: 5356500 (1994-10-01), Scheinbeim et al.
patent: 5430565 (1995-07-01), Yamanouchi et al.
patent: 5440194 (1995-08-01), Beurrier
patent: 5642015 (1997-06-01), Whitehead et al.
patent: 5835453 (1998-11-01), Wynne et al.
patent: 5902836 (1999-05-01), Bennet et al.
patent: 5915377 (1999-06-01), Coffee
patent: 5977685 (1999-11-01), Kurita et al.
patent: 6048622 (2000-04-01), Hagood et al.
patent: 6060811 (2000-05-01), Fox et al.
patent: 6084321 (2000-07-01), Hunter et al.
patent: 6140740 (2000-10-01), Porat et al.
patent: 6184608 (2001-02-01), Cabuz et al.
patent: 6184609 (2001-02-01), Johansson et al.
patent: 6249076 (2001-06-01), Madden et al.
patent: 6359370 (2002-03-01), Chang
patent: 6459088 (2002-10-01), Yasuda et al.
patent: 19636909 (1998-03-01), None
patent: WO 95/08905 (1995-03-01), None
patent: WO 98/35529 (1998-08-01), None
patent: WO 98/45677 (1998-10-01), None
patent: WO 01/06575 (2001-01-01), None
Ajluni, Cheryl, “Pressure Sensors Strive to Stay on Top, New Silicon Micromachining Techniques and Designs Promise Higher Performance”,Electronic Design—Advanced Technology Series, Oct. 3, 1994, pp. 67-74.
Anderson, R. A., “Mechanical Stress in a Dielectric Solid From a Uniform Electric Field”,The American Physical Society, 1986, pp. 1302-1307.
Roy D. Kornbluh, Robotic Systems, Ocean Engineering and Marine Systems, 2000 Program, Jan. 2001, Office of Naval Research Public Release, ONR-32100-1.
Roy D. Kornbluh, Robotic Systems, Ocean Engineering and Marine Systems, 1999 Program, Feb. 2000, Office of Naval Research Public Release, ONR 32100-2.
Roy D. Kornbluh, Robotic Systems, Ocean Engineering and Marine Systems,1998 Program, Feb. 1999 Office of Naval Research Public Release, ONR 32199-4.
Roy D. Kornbluh, Robotic Systems, Ocean Engineering and Marine Systems 1997 Program , Dec. 1997, Office of Naval Research Public Release, ONR 32198-2.
Aramaki, S., S. Kaneko, K. Arai, Y. Takahashi, H. Adachi, and K. Yanagisawa. 1995. “Tube Type Micro Manipulator Using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA),”Proceedings of the IEEE Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 115-120.
Ashley, S., “Smart Skis and Other Adaptive Structures”,Mechanical Engineering, Nov. 1995, pp. 77-81.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 1, No. 1, Jun. 1999.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 1, No. 2, Dec. 1999.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 2, No. 1, Jul. 2000.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 2, No. 2, Dec. 2000.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide ElectroActive Polymers, EAP(Artificial Muscles)Newsletter, vol. 3, No. 1, Jun. 2001.
Bar-Cohen, Yoseph, JPL,WorldWide Electroactive Polymer Actuators Webhubwebpages 1-7, http:/
deaa.jpl.nasa.gov
asa-nde/lommas/eap/EAP-web.htm, downloaded Jul. 23, 2001.
Baughman, R., L. Shacklette, R. Elsenbaumer, E. Plichta, and C. Becht “Conducting Polymer Electromechanical Actuators,”Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics and Molecular Electronics, eds. J.L. Bredas and R.R. Chance, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 559-582, 1990.
Baughman, R.H., L.W. Shacklette, and R.L. Elsenbaumer, E.J. Plichta, and C. Becht, “Micro electromechanical actuators based on conducting polymers”, inMolecular Electronics, Materials and Methods, P.I. Lazarev (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 267-289 (1991).
Bharti, V., Y. Ye, T.-B. Xu and Q. M. Zhang, “Correlation Between Large Electrostrictive Strain and Relaxor Behavior with Structural Changes Induced in P(VDF-TrFE) Copolymer by electron Irradiation,” Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 541, pp. 653-659 (1999).
Bharti, V., Z.-Y. Cheng, S. Gross, T.-B. Xu, and Q. M. Zhang, “High electrostrictive strain under high mechanical stress in electron-irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer,”Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 75, 2653-2655 (Oct. 25, 1999).
Bharti, V., H. S. Xu, G. Shanthi, and Q. M. Zhang, “Polarization and Structural Properties of High Energy Electron Irradiated Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer Films,” to be published in J. Appl. Phys. (2000).
Bharti, V., X.-Z. Zhao, Q. M. Zhang, T. Romotowski, F. Tito, and R. Ting, “Ultrahigh Field Induced Strain And Polarization Response In Electron Irradiated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene) Copolymer,”Mat. Res. Innovat.vol. 2, 57-63 (1998).
Bobbio, S., M Kellam, B. Dudley, S. Goodwin Johansson, S. Jones, J. Jacobson, F. Tranjan, and T. DuBois, “Integrated Force Arrays,” in Proc. IEEE Micro ElectroMechanical Systems Workshop, Fort Lauderdale, Florida Feb. 1993.
Bohon, K., and S. Krause, “An Electrorheological Fluid and Siloxane Gel Based Electromechanical Actuator: Working Toward an Artificial Muscle,” to be published inJ. Polymer Sci., Part B. Polymer Phys. (2000).
Brock, D. L., “Review of Artificial Muscle based on Contractile Polymers,” MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, A.I. Memo No. 1330, Nov. 1991.
Caldwell, D., G. Medrano-Cerda, and M. Goodwin, “Characteristics and Adaptive Control of Pneumatic Muscle Actuators for a Robotic Elbow,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conference on Robotics and Automation, San Diego, California (May 8-13, 1994).
Calvert, P. and Z. Liu, “Electrically stimulated bilayer hydrogels as muscles,” Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials: Electro-Active Polymer Actuators and Devices, Mar. 1-2, 1999, Newport Beach, California, USA, pp. 236-241.
Cheng, Z.-Y., H. S. Xu, J. Su, Q. M. Zhjang, P.-C. Wang, and A. G. MacDiarmid, “High performance of all-polymer electrostrictive systems,” Proceedings of the SPIE International Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials: Electro-Active Polymer Actuators and
Eckerle Joseph Stephen
Kornbluh Roy D.
Pelrine Ronald E.
Beyer Weaver & Thomas LLP
Budd Mark
SRI - International
LandOfFree
Energy efficient electroactive polymers and electroactive... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Energy efficient electroactive polymers and electroactive..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Energy efficient electroactive polymers and electroactive... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3519846