Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Composite – Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Patent
1995-11-09
1999-01-05
Kilman, Leszek
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Composite
Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
428520, 525221, 525227, 525244, 525301, 525302, B32B 2700
Patent
active
058560220
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to polymeric mixtures and to precursors therefor and to a process for providing durable polymeric mixtures comprising polymerized ethylenically unsaturated monomers in combination with polycyanurates. In yet another aspect, articles comprising the compositions of the invention are disclosed. The polymeric mixtures are useful, for example, in applications requiring high performance, such as high temperature performance; in composites, particularly structural composites; structural adhesives; vibration damping materials; electronic applications such as printed wiring boards, semiconductor encapsulants and electronic adhesives; photoresists; injection molding and prepregs; protective coatings; tough self-supporting films; and high performance binders. In yet another aspect, vibration-damping polymers and methods for making these polymers are disclosed that comprise a blend of two or more partially polymerized mixtures that are predominately ethylenically unsaturated acrylic monomers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Industry is constantly searching for lighter, stronger, and more resistant materials to be used in place of the materials used today. Cyanate ester resins are known for their thermal stability, chemical inertness, solvent resistance, and electrical properties. Thus, more and more uses are being found in a variety of fields which demand high performance materials, such as structural composites, printed wiring boards, semiconductor encapsulants, structural adhesives, injection molding and prepregs, and high performance binders. The high performance characteristics of cyanate ester resins are offset by their brittleness. To expand their utility, several strategies have been pursued to toughen these materials.
Several patents have dealt with curable compositions comprising cyanate ester monomers and ethylenically unsaturated monomers. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,600,760, 4,116,946, and 4,383,903. Catalysts used for cyanate cure are metal salts, such as zinc octoate, cobalt naphthanate, or certain amines. Use of organometallic catalysts was not taught or suggested. No control over morphology was taught in any of the references.
Cyanate ester resins are formed from polyfunctional cyanate monomers. The use of an organometallic compound as thermal and/or photocatalyst for the cure of a cyanate ester resin has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,215,860.
Polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers by thermally or photochemically generated free radicals is well known in the art (see J. M. G. Cowie in "Comprehensive Polymer Science", G. Allen and J. C. Bevington, Eds., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1989, Vol 3, pages 1-15). Typical free radical generators include organic peroxides, onium salts, azo compounds, and carbonyl compounds.
The use of photoreactive organometallic transition metal carbonyl complexes in conjunction with organic compounds, such as organohalo compounds (H. M. Wagner and M. D. Purbrick, J. Photographic Sci. 1981, 29, 230) and electron accepting olefins (C. H. Bamford and S. U. Mullik, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday /1976, 72, 368), in free radical curing is known. For example, benzenechromium tricarbonyl with CCl.sub.4, has been used to photopolymerize methyl methacrylate (C. H. Bamford and K. G. Al-Lamee, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday /1984, 80, 2175) and styrene (C. H. Bamford and K. G. Al-Lamee, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday /1984, 80, 2187); in both cases, the active initiating species has been shown to be the CCl.sub.3 radical and little or no curing occurs in the absence of CCl.sub.4.
Gatechair et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,432) has shown the combination of certain cationic organometallic complexes, such as ferrocenium salts, with a-cleavage photoinitiators, such as acetophenone, to be useful photoinitiator systems for free radical polymerizations. DeVoe and Palazzotto (EPO Publication No. 0 344 911 A2) have further shown that certain cationic organometallic complexes by themselves are useful photoinitiators for acrylic polymerizations.
Cyanate ester resin
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Drath David J.
Gorodisher Ilya
Kropp Michael A.
McCormick Fred B.
Palazzotto Michael C.
Kilman Leszek
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
Peters Carolyn V.
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