Electrical generator or motor structure – Non-dynamoelectric – Thermal or pyromagnetic
Patent
1986-10-14
1988-09-20
Budd, Mark O.
Electrical generator or motor structure
Non-dynamoelectric
Thermal or pyromagnetic
310 11, H02N 700, H02K 4400
Patent
active
047728167
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for generating a potential difference between two or more electrodes and using charged particles as energy carriers.
Electrical power is usually generated by burning a fossil fuel and converting the energy released into rotary motion which drives electrical generators. This is cost-effective only if carried out on a large scale, the conversion process being inefficient; utilising natural resources, and producing waste products which can cause serious environmental pollution. An additional disadvantage is that the electrical power cannot be supplied directly to road vehicles or ships.
The energy-conversion process of this invention involves no health or pollution hazard and generates electrical power directly by a single-stage process without waste products. The overall energy-conversion factor and power-to-weight ratio are both high, making the apparatus suitable for most fixed and mobile applications.
One known apparatus for doing useful work by operating on electrons with a magnetic field is called the "betatron". This includes a doughnut-shaped vacuum chamber between the poles of a specially-shaped electromagnet. Thermionically-produced electrons are injected into the chamber with an initial electrostatic energy of about 50 keV. As the magnetic field builds up during its positivegoing half-cycle, it induces an electromotive force within the doughnut, which force accelerates the electrons and forces them to move in an arcuate path, by interaction with the magnetic field. An important distinction between the betatron and the energy cnverter of this invention is that in the former the magnetic field has got to be able to increase over a very short period, in order to accelerate the electrons sufficiently, whereas in the latter the magnetic field is virtually constant and the electrons fall inwardly to give up both their kinetic energy and electric charge to a central electrode.
The present invention aims at providing an energy converter which may be mobile and which has a permanent magnet or an energised source of magnetic radiation associated with it in order to amplify the electrical energy initially imparted to charge particles fed to, or produced in, a so-called "vacuum" chamber forming part of the generator, which increased energy is extracted from the target electrode on which the particles are incident.
Accordingly the present invention provides an energy converter which is as claimed in the appended claims.
While the invention is not to be limited to any particular theory of operation, it is based on the fact that, when a charged particle is constrained to move through a radial distance d (irrespective of the path which it actually follows) through a magnetic field of intensity H, the work done on the particle is H.d. For an electron carrying a charge e, and moving at a speed v over distance d, the total force on the electron is the centripetal force .SIGMA.H.e.v, less the force exerted on the electron in the opposite direction by the centrifugal force, which is .SIGMA.mv.sup.2 r.sup.-1. By making the radius of the centre electrode appreciably greater than the orbit of equilibrium, the centrifugal force can be minimised, thus maximising the centripetal force, and hence the work done in bringing the charge to the electrode.
The process by which the converter of this invention works uses, as a source of charge, electrically-charged particles, for example electrons and/or ions. Two or more electrodes are housed in a low-pressure chamber. A magnetic field as specified below traverses the chamber: it emanates from a permanent magnet, electromagnet or a source of magnetic radiation. An external source of energy is used to give the charge particles initial kinetic energy, for example by heating, acceleration through an electric field, or from nuclear radiation. The energy-conversion process uses the magnetic field to transfer the charged particles along a desired orbit until they impinge on a central electrode (cathode). The work done on the particles (the
REFERENCES:
patent: 1717413 (1929-06-01), Rudenberg
patent: 3202844 (1965-08-01), Hatch
patent: 3234411 (1966-02-01), Klein
patent: 3312840 (1967-04-01), Gabor
patent: 3393330 (1968-07-01), Vary
patent: 3899696 (1975-08-01), Shimadu
Budd Mark O.
Energy Conversion Trust
Pfund Charles E.
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