Optical: systems and elements – Holographic system or element – Using a hologram as an optical element
Patent
1990-10-31
1992-02-18
Miller, Stanley D.
Optical: systems and elements
Holographic system or element
Using a hologram as an optical element
359 51, 359 77, 359 94, G02F 1133
Patent
active
050899040
ABSTRACT:
A liquid crystal apparatus includes a plurality of volumes of liquid crystal material in a containment medium such as a polymer. Some or all of the volumes of liquid crystal material can be interconnected. The walls defining the volumes tend to distort the natural liquid crystal structure in the absence of an electric field, and the optical and electrical properties of the material are such that in the absence of a field incident light is scattered or absorbed and in the presence of a field scattering and/or absorption are reduced. Pleochroic dye in the liquid crystal material increases absorption of incident light. The liquid crystal material may include an additive which tends to align the liquid crystal material in a direction generally normal to the walls. The apparatus may be used in an optical display, optical shutter, billboard, etc., and it functions independently of polarization.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3341466 (1967-09-01), Brynko et al.
patent: 3529156 (1970-09-01), Fergason et al.
patent: 3565559 (1971-02-01), Sato et al.
patent: 3565818 (1971-02-01), Bayless et al.
patent: 3578482 (1971-05-01), Whitaker et al.
patent: 3578844 (1971-05-01), Churchill et al.
patent: 3585381 (1971-06-01), Hodson et al.
patent: 3600060 (1971-08-01), Churchill et al.
patent: 3617374 (1971-11-01), Hadson et al.
patent: 3661142 (1972-05-01), Flam
patent: 3703474 (1972-11-01), Huber et al.
patent: 3720623 (1973-03-01), Cartmell et al.
patent: 3802945 (1974-04-01), James
patent: 3830224 (1974-08-01), Vanzetti et al.
patent: 3871904 (1975-03-01), Haas et al.
patent: 3872050 (1975-03-01), Benton et al.
patent: 3885982 (1975-05-01), Fergason
patent: 3894793 (1975-07-01), Haas
patent: 3910681 (1975-10-01), Elliott et al.
patent: 3912666 (1975-10-01), Spitzer et al.
patent: 3960749 (1976-06-01), Fergason
patent: 4032219 (1977-06-01), Constant et al.
patent: 4048358 (1977-09-01), Shanks
patent: 4101207 (1978-07-01), Taylor
patent: 4102806 (1978-07-01), Kondo et al.
patent: 4140016 (1979-02-01), Fergason
patent: 4161557 (1979-07-01), Suzuki et al.
patent: 4166800 (1979-09-01), Fong
patent: 4182700 (1980-01-01), Benton et al.
patent: 4279152 (1981-07-01), Crossland
patent: 4301054 (1981-11-01), Buirley et al.
patent: 4344857 (1982-08-01), Shasha et al.
patent: 4354385 (1982-10-01), Fraschini
patent: 4411495 (1983-10-01), Beni et al.
patent: 4433637 (1984-02-01), Buirley et al.
patent: 4435047 (1984-03-01), Fergaason
patent: 4501503 (1985-02-01), Buirley et al.
patent: 4556289 (1985-12-01), Fergason
patent: 4565764 (1986-01-01), Nakahara et al.
patent: 4578340 (1986-03-01), Saccocia et al.
patent: 4579423 (1986-04-01), Fergason
patent: 4591233 (1986-05-01), Fergason
patent: 4596445 (1986-06-01), Fergason
patent: 4605284 (1986-08-01), Fergason
patent: 4606611 (1986-08-01), Fergason
patent: 4616903 (1986-10-01), Fergason
patent: 4643528 (1987-02-01), Bell
patent: 4662720 (1987-05-01), Fergason
patent: 4707080 (1987-11-01), Fergason
patent: 4814211 (1989-03-01), Buckley et al.
patent: 4844596 (1989-07-01), Fergason
patent: 4884873 (1989-12-01), Fergason
J. Applied Physics, vol. 45, No. 11, Nov. 1974, White & Taylor, "New Absorptive Mode Reflective Liquid-Crystal Display Device", pp. 4718-4723.
Craighead et al., "New Display Based on Electrically Induced Index Matching in An Inhomogeneous Medium", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 40, No. 1 (1 Jan. 1982), pp. 22-24.
Wysocki et al., "Electric-Field-Induced Phase Change in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals", Physical Review Letters, vol. 20, No. 19 (6 May 1968), pp. 1024-1025.
Heilmeier et al., "Dynamic Scattering in Nematic Liquid Crystals", Applied Physical Letters, vol. 13, No. 1 (1 Jul. 1968), pp. 46-47.
Frederic J. Kahn, "Ir-Laser-Addressed Thermo-Optic Smectic Liquid-Crystal Storage Displays", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 22, No. 3 (1 Feb. 1973), pp. 111-113.
Beni et al., "Electro-Wetting Displays", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 38, No. 4, (15 Feb. 1981), pp. 207-209.
Cheng et al., "Boundary-Layer Model of Field Effects in a Bistable Liquid-Crystal Geometry", J. Appl. Phys., vol. 52, No. 4 (Apr. 1981), pp. 2756-2765.
Cheng et al., "The Propagation of Disclinations in Bistable Switching", J. Appl. Phys., vol. 52, No. 4 (Apr. 1981), pp. 2766-2775.
Beni et al., "Anisotropic Suspension Display", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 39, No. 3 (1 Aug. 1981), pp. 195-197.
Poziomek et al., "Spectroscopic Studies of Dyes in Liquid Crystal Impregnated Microporous Polypropylene Films", Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids, vol. 3, 1978, pp. 259-270.
Gross Anita P.
Miller Stanley D.
LandOfFree
Encapsulated liquid crystal material, apparatus and method does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Encapsulated liquid crystal material, apparatus and method, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Encapsulated liquid crystal material, apparatus and method will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1827618