Combustion – Mixer and flame holder
Patent
1992-02-03
1993-10-05
Jones, Larry
Combustion
Mixer and flame holder
431353, 366249, 366257, 366273, F23C 1100
Patent
active
052499570
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an emulsion producing apparatus for producing an emulsion, a mixture of liquid fuel and water, and its combustion system. To be more precise, it is an object for producing an emulsion by agitatedly mixing liquid fuel and water and burning it. It also pertains to the realization of a low pollution, highly efficient emulsion producing apparatus and its combustion system for burning the emulsion.
Description of the Related Art
Although burning apparatuses are either used alone or in combination with a combustion chamber, the most important function is the need for perfect combustion of the supplied fuel. Namely, the combustion efficiency should be close to 100%. Furthermore, the size and shape of a flame must appropriately adapt to each condition and the combustion loading factor should be of an adequate value.
According to the circumstances, equal temperature distribution or a desired distribution will be required. Also, in recent years, public demand to minimize as much as possible the creation of air pollution consisting of nitrogen oxides, smut, carbon monoxide, etc., as well as noise pollution, has been strong.
For example, B and C heavy oils are being used for boilers and furnaces. However, recently, sulfur dioxide (SOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) in emissions have become a problem. Therefore, crude oil, naphtha, kerosene, etc. are also being used. The SOx in emissions is in the sulfur content of fuel. Accordingly, in keeping with the tightening regulation against SOx in emissions, fuel with a low sulfur content is being used.
In order to deal with this, the use of low sulfur content crude oil, the installation of desulfurizing equipment, the installation of antismoke purification equipment, the change of fuel, etc. are being implemented. However, the low sulfurization of crude oil has almost reached its limit. Furthermore, although NOx emission is mostly created by combustion, a part of the nitrogen in fuel converts to NOx. It is said that this conversion is between 10 and 40%.
Burning apparatuses are generally structured along fuel and air supply systems. The essential part of the fuel supply system is the fuel spraying apparatus which sprays fuel with an appropriate amount of movement. In the case of liquid fuel, it is reduced to fine particles and dispersed. The essential part of the air supply system is the air register to efficiently mix air for burning the sprayed fuel. Together with stabilizing the flame in the air stream, in order to control the burning characteristic, it possesses the function to regulate and adjust the flow of air. Namely, it is necessary to actively send an optimum amount of air.
The combustion apparatus for burning liquid fuel is generally referred to as an oil burner, and is separated into the spray and vaporization types. The spray-type is a burning method in which, in order to make the surface area per unit capacity of fuel i.e., ratio of surface area, as large as possible, the fuel is broken down into numerous diametrically small fine particles. Although the combustion load factor cannot be raised too high, even heavy oil is burned. To the contrary, the vaporization-type vaporizes fuel by using the high surface temperature of physical soilds.
Incidentally, global environmental concern has mounted in recent years and demand for reducing nitrogen dioxide (NOx) is rapidly becoming stronger. Although many methods for reducing nitrogen dioxide (NOx) have been proposed, among them for example, Japanese Patent Laid Open (KOKAI) No. 61-91407, opened to the public in 1986, which consists of an oxygen-added emulsion fuel supplying method for water mixed with a high density oxygen or pure oxygen and then, this mixture is further mixed with a part or all hydrocarbon fuel. This system requires the supply of pure oxygen or air with a high oxygen density content.
Moreover, when air is used, the effect of nitrogen in the air increases the nitrogen oxides. This system will also require the assembly of a
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