Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Cosmetic – antiperspirant – dentifrice
Patent
1997-05-07
2000-08-29
Page, Thurman K.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Cosmetic, antiperspirant, dentifrice
424 65, 424 66, 424405, 424409, 424484, 514847, A61K 748
Patent
active
061104736
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is concerned with an emulsion, a method of preparing the same and its use, and in particular an emulsion comprising a gelled outer phase having an active ingredient dispersed therein.
2. Description of the Related Art
Encapsulation of active ingredients in gels, such as gellan gum, is well known. For example, JP 62125850 discloses encapsulation of ingredients, such as food, oils, medicines and the like, within beads of gellan gum. In an example, a salad oil emulsion was added as 0.5 ml size drops to a 1% gellan gum solution. The resulting beads had a 0.35 mm thick skin and contained 0.3 ml of oil in each sphere.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,366 discloses a gelled food product which comprises a matrix containing at least one dispersed food ingredient which comprises vegetable, fruit, meat, fish, sugar, and/or milk.
GB2219803 discloses a gelling composition which comprises a blend of gellan, kappa-carrageenan and mannan. The gelling composition is useful as a gelling matrix in food products such as pet foods and the like.
JP 63267361 discloses a gel which can contain fragrances, microbicides, insecticides, and the like, in addition to a gelation agent selected from gellan gum, and its combination with carrageenan, gelatin, agar, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like.
Incorporation of certain active ingredients in gel matrices comprising anionic hydrocolloids, such as gellan gum, has however proved to be problematic due to the incompatibility of the active ingredients with the gels causing degredation or precipitation of the latter.
This incompatibility can be seen, for example, when aluminium chlorohydrate is blended with gellan gum in an attempt to prepare an antiperspirant, whereby undesirable precipitation of the gellan gum occurs. Similarly, the incompatibility of other cationic ingredients, such as cationic drugs (verapamil hydrochloride, chloropheniramine maleate and the like) and cationic surfactants (such as benzalkonium chlorides and the like) with the above-mentioned anionic gel matrices has proven to be problematic.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention alleviates the above problem, wherein active ingredients incompatible with a gel matrix can be incorporated therein without adversely affecting the properties of the gel.
According to the present invention there is provided an emulsion comprising an aqueous gelled outer phase, a non-aqueous intermediate phase and an aqueous inner phase containing an active ingredient incompatible with the gelled outer phase, wherein the inner phase containing the active ingredient is encapsulated by the intermediate phase.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An emulsion according to the present invention therefore alleviates the problem described above, in that the intermediate phase separates the aqueous gelled outer phase from the active ingredients present in the aqueous inner phase.
Aptly the gelled outer phase comprises one or more gelled anionic hydrocolloids. A frequently employed hydrocolloid in the present invention is gellan gum, other suitable hydrocolloids being alginates, pectins, carrageenans, agar, locust bean gum and the like.
Gellan gum refers to the extracellular polysaccharide obtained by the aerobic fermentation of the microorganism, Pseudomonas elodea, in a suitable nutrient medium. Various forms of gellan gum are known e.g., native, deacetylated, deacetylated clarified, partially deacetylated, and partially deacetylated clarified.
It is preferred that the gellan gum employed in the present gel is a "low acetyl" gellan gum. As used herein, the term "low acetyl" denotes a level of acylation of the gellan gum of 0.3 to 0% by weight.
Various alginates useful in this invention are described in detail by I. W. Cottrell and P. Kovacs in "Alginates," as Chapter 2 of Davidson, ed., Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums and Resins (1980).
Alginates include "bioalgin" and "algal" alginate.
Biolalgin is microbially produced polysaccharides produced b
REFERENCES:
I.W. Cottrell and P. Kovacs, "Alginates", Handbook of Water-Soluble Gums, Ed. R.L. Davidson, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, (1980).
Fitzpatrick John
Mellor Adrian
Bawa R.
Monsanto P.L.C.
Page Thurman K.
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