Surgery – Respiratory method or device – Ozone or ion generation
Patent
1997-04-02
2000-10-31
Lewis, Aaron J.
Surgery
Respiratory method or device
Ozone or ion generation
12820315, A61M 1502
Patent
active
061386715
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to electrostatic spraying.
There are a wide variety of methods available for effecting the dispensing of liquid-based materials. For instance, aerosol-type dispensers are in widespread use. Such dispensers are particularly convenient for dispensing personal care and personal hygiene formulations (eg perfumes, deodorants, cosmetics etc). Often in such applications, the active ingredient is in fact a solid material suspended or otherwise dispersed in a suitable liquid carrier to aid dispensing.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of spraying particulate materials comprising applying a high voltage to a mass of the material in such a way as to electrically charge particles of the material and thereby effect propulsion of the particles away from said mass.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of spraying particulate materials comprising applying a high voltage to a mass of the material in such a way as to electrically charge particles of the material present at and/or in the vicinity of a surface or surfaces of the mass and and thereby generate an electric field by means of which the particles are caused to issue from such surface(s).
A feature of the invention resides in the absence of any liquid vehicle for suspension of the particulate material. Also high voltage is applied to the mass of particulate material prior to issue of particles from the mass.
The use of electrostatic fields in the spraying of particulate materials is known per se. For instance, as discussed in international Patent Application No. WO 94/19042 (Balachandran et al), it is known that the site of deposition within the respiratory tract of an inhalable substance can be influenced by the level of electrostatic charge on the particles of the inhalable substance. International Patent Application No. WO 94/19042 discloses a device in which the substance to be administered is dispensed in the form of inhalable particles (aerosol liquids or powder) into a passageway defined by a mouthpiece of the device and an arrangement of electrodes within the passageway is used to impact electrostatic charge to the particles so dispensed. In this way, the electrostatic charge characteristically imparted to particles on being dispensed from a particular type of dispensing means can be modified in a controlled manner as they pass through a charging region established by the electrode arrangement. Such modification is stated to encompass increases, reductions, reversal and neutralisation of the level of electrostatic charge on the particles.
With such an arrangement, it is difficult to secure a uniform level of electrostatic charge on the particles since the particles are dispersed into the inhaled airstream and passed through the electric field developed by the electrodes. Particles at different locations in the airstream therefore tend to receive difficult levels of electrostatic charge resulting in particles with a wide spectrum of electrostatic charge.
Also electrostatic spraying is used in coating articles with plastics material, the material initially being sprayed onto the article as a relatively thick layer and then consolidated to form a continuous layer by heating. The particulate material is fluidised and caused to flow by means of an air supply and is electrically charged by traversing a corona discharge electrode after being fluidised. In such coating techniques, the particulate material used has a high volume resistivity (typically 10.sup.14 ohm.cm and higher) and is not capable of being sprayed if voltage is applied to a mass of such material, ie since conduction of the applied voltage and charge leakage through the mass is largely prevented by the highly insulating nature of the material. Non-conduction of the charge is highly desirable since such spraying techniques are usually required to produce relatively thick adherent, coatings of material and the non-conduction of charge (ie lack of charge dissipation) is an important factor in ens
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Green Michale Leslie
Jefferies Andrew
Noakes Timothy James
Prendergast Maurice Joseph
Lewis Aaron J.
Lewis Leonard W.
The Procter & Gamble & Company
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