Printing – Processes – Electric or magnetic transfer
Reexamination Certificate
2000-07-28
2003-01-21
Hirshfeld, Andrew H. (Department: 2854)
Printing
Processes
Electric or magnetic transfer
C101S153000, C101S170000, C101SDIG029, C361S056000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06508174
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an electrostatic printing aid.
Electrostatic printing aids to assist with the transfer of printing ink are known in a multitude of designs. To avoid fires and explosions where such printing aids are used with printing inks containing flammable solvents, measures must be taken to prevent ignition of the mixture generated from the mixing of the solvents with air. In environments that are subject to explosion hazards, the electrostatic printing aid is subject to special safety precautions.
The voltage transfer with known electrostatic printing aids is carried out with normal voltage transfer devices, such as corona electrodes and rotational transformers. The safety standards for operating such voltage transfer devices in environments that are subject to explosion hazards require more expensive and complicated designs of these voltage transfer devices.
Another known design provides for encapsulation of the voltage transfer device by way of a compressed air lock (U.S. Pat. No. 4,966,555), which also results in a complicated design and expensive operation.
A known generic, so-called intrinsically safe electrostatic printing aid (U.S. Pat. No. 4,360,850), achieves the required safety by monitoring the resistive as conductivity of a connected impedance to the high-voltage generator. When the conductivity exceeds the setpoint limit, the output voltage of the high-voltage generator is switched off. This means that the resistance value of a consumer that is connected to the generator must not fall below a preset minimum resistance value in environments that are subject to explosion hazards.
The consumer of the electrostatic printing aids relates to a cylinder onto which an electrically conductive coating has been applied, the so-called impression cylinder. The conductivity of the coating is thus decisive for the safe functioning of the known generator. However, it has been shown that the electrical conductivity of such cylinder coatings can only be adjusted within wide tolerances during manufacture. In addition, this conductivity is highly dependent on temperature and aging factors.
Thus, practice has shown that for trouble-free operation of the known system, cylinder coatings with a conductivity several multiples lower than what is needed by the conductivity limit of the safety regulations are required. In this low conductivity range, it frequently is no longer possible to achieve satisfactory performance with the known system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus, the objective of this invention is to develop an electrostatic printing aid to assist with the transfer of printing ink containing flammable solvents during printing which can be used in environments that are subject to explosion hazards and that has a simpler design and higher operating efficiency, without endangering safety, and one where safety and functionality do not depend on the widely spread ranges of electrical conductivity of the user that is connected to the printing aid.
According to the invention, this problem is solved by providing the high voltage generator with an adjustable limitation device for its power output and designing the voltage transfer device as slip rings, slip ring brushes, contact rollers, contact springs and/or electrically conductive roller or ball bearings.
Thus, according to the teaching of the invention, a high-voltage generator with a maximum output performance is provided to keep the design of the voltage transfer device as simple as possible; for example as a slip ring brush, as a contact roller or spring, or as an electrically conductive ball bearing. Thus, in contrast with prior art practice, complicated and high-cost encapsulated voltage transfer devices are not necessary. Instead, all prior-art direct voltage transfer devices can be used as they have been up to now for applications that are not subject to explosion hazards. Moreover, no restrictions with respect to the functionality relating to the electrical conductivity of a connected consumer need be considered
Thus, the coatings for the impression cylinder can be used over a significantly wider conductivity range, which comes much closer to the technical feasibility during the manufacture of such coatings, and which expands the implementation of an electrostatic printing aid.
A suitable design of the high-voltage generator that has a maximum electrical output efficiency, which can be adjustable or non-adjustable, comprises a voltage limitation for the maximum voltage and/or a current limitation for maximum current. An especially suitable design has redundant voltage and current limitation, which assures safety even if one or two faults that are independent of each other occur in the voltage limitation device and/or current limitation device.
Thus, the high voltage generator may have a constant voltage and the limitation device then includes current limiters; alternatively, the high voltage generator may be a constant current source and the limitation device may then include voltage limiters. When the high voltage generator has an adjustable voltage, the limitation device may include voltage limiters and current limiters.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3477369 (1969-11-01), Adamson et al.
patent: 3641971 (1972-02-01), Wallberg
patent: 3875892 (1975-04-01), Gregg et al.
patent: 4360850 (1982-11-01), Howard et al.
patent: 4909147 (1990-03-01), George et al.
patent: 4966555 (1990-10-01), Zagorski
Hahne Ernst August
Knopf Franz
Ludwig Thomas
Antonelli, Terry, Stout & Kraus, LLp
Chau Ninh
Eltex-Elektrostatik GmbH
Hirshfeld Andrew H.
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