Compositions – Heat-exchange – low-freezing or pour point – or high boiling... – Organic components
Patent
1991-05-20
1992-09-22
Skane, Christine
Compositions
Heat-exchange, low-freezing or pour point, or high boiling...
Organic components
252 71, 252 73, 252572, C10M17100, C10M16904, C09K 300
Patent
active
051494540
ABSTRACT:
Disclosed are electrorheological fluids having ceramic particles of high ion conductivity and a nonconducting or dielectric fluid. The high ion conductive particle may be a beta-alumina material, such as a material having the formula AM.sub.5-11 O.sub.8-17, where A is a monovalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Ag and Te; and M is a trivalent ion, such as a material comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe and Ga. The liquid phase may include a silicone fluid or mineral oil. In the case of a mineral oil, the oil may also include an amine-terminated polyester to improve stability of the fluid.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2417850 (1947-03-01), Winslow
patent: 3367872 (1968-02-01), Martinek et al.
patent: 3839252 (1974-10-01), Bosso et al.
patent: 4645614 (1987-02-01), Goossens et al.
patent: 4687589 (1987-08-01), Block et al.
patent: 4744914 (1988-05-01), Filisko et al.
patent: 4772407 (1988-09-01), Carlson
patent: 4879056 (1989-11-01), Filisko et al.
Block et al., "Electro-rheology", J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys., 21(12), pp. 1661-1677, 1988.
Miller et al., "A Prepilot Process for the Fabrication of Polycrystalline .beta.-Alumina Electrolyte Tubing", Ceramic Bulletin, vol. 58, No. 5, pp. 522-526, 1979.
"Introduction to Ceramics", see Fast Ion Transport, pp. 859-863.
Hong et al., "High Na+-Ion Conductivity in Na.sub.5 YSi.sub.4 O.sub.12 ", Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 13, pp. 757-761, 1978. Pergamon Press, Inc. Printed in the U.S.
Clearfield et al., "New Crystalline Phases of Zirconium Phosphate Processing Ion-Exchange Properties", J. inorg. nucl. Chem. 1968, vol. 30, pp. 2249-2258. Pergamon Press. Printed in Great Britain.
Hong, "Crystal Structures and Crystal Chemistry in System Na.sub.1+x Zr.sub.2 Si.sub.x P.sub.3-x O.sub.12 ", Mat. Res. Bull. vol. 11, pp. 173-182, 1976. Pergamon Press, Inc. Printed in the U.S.
Maazaz et al., "Sur Une Nouvelle Famille De Conducteurs Cationiques A Structure Feuilletee De Formule K.sub.x (L.sub.x/2 Sn.sub.1-x/2)O.sub.2 (L=Mg, Ca, Zn, x.ltoreq.1)", Mat. Res. Bull. vol. 14, pp. 193-199, 1979. Printed in the USA. 0025-5408/79/020193-782.00/0 Copyright (c) Pergamon Press Ltd.
Goodenough et al., "Fast Na.sup.+ -Ion Transport in Skeleton Structures", Mat. Res. Bull. vol. 11, pp. 203-220, 1976. Pergamon Press, Inc. Printed in the U.S.
A selective portion of a book entitled "Introduction to Ceramics", pp. 859-863.
Alberti et al., "All Solid State Hydrogen Sensors Based on Pellicular .beta.-Zirconium Phosphate as a Protonic Conductor", Solid State Ionics, vol. 35, No. 1, 2 Jul./Aug. 1989, pp. 153-156.
Shannon et al., "Ionic Conductivity in NA.sub.5 YSiO.sub.12 -Type Silicates", Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 17, No. 4, 1978, pp. 958-964.
Scott et al., "ER Fluid Devices Near Commercial Stage", International Viewponts, vol. 93, No. 11, pp. 75-79.
Hooper et al., "Ionic Conductivity of Pure and Doped Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4 ", Journal of Solid State Chemistry 24, 265-275 (1978).
West, "Ionic Conductivity of Oxides Based on Li.sub.4 SiO.sub.4 ", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 3 (1973), pp. 327-335.
Hu et al., "Ionic Conductivityy of Lithium Phosphate-Doped Lithium Orthosilicate", Mat. Res. Bull. vol. 11, pp. 1227-1230, 1976. Pergamon Press, Inc. Printed in the U.S.
Hu et al., "Ionic Conductivity of Lithium Orthosilicate-Lithium Phosphate Solid Solutions", J. Electrochem. Soc.:Solid-State Science and Technology, vol. 124, No. 8, Aug. 1977, pp. 1240-1242.
Delmas et al., "Ionic Conductivity in Sheet Oxides", Copyright 1979 by Elsevier North Holland, Inc. Vashishta, Mundy, Shenoy, eds. Fast Ion Transport in Solids, pp. 451-454.
Delmas, "Sur De Nouveaux Conducteurs Ioniques A Structure Lamellaire", Mat. Res. Bull. vol. 11, pp. 1081-1086, 1976. Pergamon Press, Inc. Printed in the U.S.
Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, Copyright 1987, pp. 38, 42, 142, and 551-552, defining "beta", "alpha", "gamma", "allotropy".
Sidney H. Avner, "Introduction of Physical Mettalurgy", Second Edition, Copyright 1974, selected page defining "alpha-iron".
Kirk-Othmer, "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", Third Edition, vol. 5, Copyright 1979, pp. 299-301, which describes "Oxides with the .beta.-Alumina Structure".
Bloink Raymond L.
Kibbel Bradley W.
Powell Bob R.
Brooks Cary W.
General Motors Corporation
Skane Christine
LandOfFree
Electrorheological compositions including am.sub.5-11 O.sub.8-17 does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Electrorheological compositions including am.sub.5-11 O.sub.8-17, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Electrorheological compositions including am.sub.5-11 O.sub.8-17 will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-1066396