Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products
Patent
1986-12-12
1988-03-01
Andrews, R. L.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
204 48, 204 49, 204 445, 204 447, 204DIG2, C25D 502
Patent
active
047283980
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an electroplating bath of conventional composition containing solid lubricants particles and a water soluble, surface active agent which, at the pH of the specific electroplating solution, exhibits cation properties, for simultaneous deposition of metal and a permanent solid lubricant.
An electroplating bath i.e. solution of this kind is known from the German patent publication DE-AS No. 21 64 050. Surface active agents proposed there are compounds which incorporate fluorine-carbon bonds in the molecule i.e. perfluorised compounds. Several patents (e.g. CH-PS No. 623 851, GB-PS No. 1 366 823, U.S. Pat. No. 3,677,907) are known in connection with the precipitation of nickel-polytetrafluorethylene dispersion layers in which patents perfluorised compounds are also employed as cationic tensides.
The above mentioned baths suffer the disadvantage that perfluorised compounds can be employed only in narrow concentration range and have only little effect. Furthermore, the product concentrations must be maintained very accurately, which adds difficulty to the use of such baths. Also, the precipitated products frequently exhibit pores, galling and undesireable surface roughness. Such layers exhibit a higher degree of brittleness and so often tend to spall, which limits the use of such electroplated, metallic layers.
The object of the invention is therefore to prepare an electroplating bath of the kind mentioned at the start which does not or at least to some extent does not exhibit the above mentioned disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This object is achieved by way of the invention in that the electroplating bath contains a cation type surfactant of the type ##STR2## where A.sub.1 -A.sub.9 is H or an alkyl radical with a low C number, R.sub.1 -R.sub.9 is H, OH or an alkyl radical with low C number, X is a halogen or SO.sub.4 and n is the valency of X.
Substances which have been shown to be advantageous are those in which A.sub.1 -A.sub.7 is CH.sub.3 and A.sub.8, A.sub.9 and R.sub.1 -R.sub.9 are H: ##STR3## Also, substances of the following kind have been found to be particularly advantageous: ##STR4## These substances differ from the foregoing only in that R.sub.2 contains a CH.sub.3 group instead of H. In both of the last mentioned types of compounds the bromides and chlorides have shown themselves to be particularly advantageous halides.
It should be mentioned that it makes practically no difference whether the above mentioned compounds or their monohydrates are employed as the cationic surfactant.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a micrograph showing a cross section of the coating made in accord with Example 1.
FIG. 2 is a micrograph showing a cross section of the coating made in accord with Example 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
No special requirements are specified with respect to the basic composition of the electroplating bath. The normal e.g. a sulphamate or Watts bath.
An advantageous effect has been found using baths to which, in addition to the cationic surfactant compound according to the invention, phosphoric acid and/or hypophosphoric acids and/or at least one of the salts thereof have been added to the bath solution. As a result of this it is then possible to achieve in the metal matrix, besides the uniform deposition of solid lubricant particles, also uniform incorporation of phosphorus. The surface of the dispersion type coating obtained is practically pore-free. Thus, and in a particularly advantageous manner cobalt-nickel-phosphor layers with solid lubricant particles incorporated therein can be manufactured using electroplating baths containing nickel and cobalt to which phosphoric acid and/or hypophosphoric acid and/or at least one of the salts thereof have been added in addition to the cationic surfactant compounds according to the invention.
Preferred permanent solid lubricating agents are polyfluorcarbon resins, in particular polytetrafluorethylene, graphite graphite fluoride and molybdenumdisulphide. In order to ensure an
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Paulet Jean-Francois
Puippe Jean-Claude
Steup Heinz
Andrews R. L.
Werner Fluhmann AG
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