Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – From phenol – phenol ether – or inorganic phenolate
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-01
2001-02-27
Boykin, Terressa M. (Department: 1711)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
From phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate
C430S073000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06194535
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, comprising an aromatic polycarbonate resin with charge transporting properties. In addition, the present invention also relates to the above-mentioned aromatic polycarbonate resin which is useful as the material for the electrophotographic photoconductor.
2. Discussion of Background
Recently organic photoconductors (OPC) are used in many copying machines and printers. The organic photoconductor has a layered structure comprising a charge generation layer (CGL) and a charge transport layer (CTL) which are successively overlaid on an electroconductive support. The charge transport layer (CTL) is a film-shaped layer comprising a binder resin and a low-molecular-weight charge transport material (CTM) dissolved therein. The addition of such a low-molecular-weight charge transport material (CTM) to the binder resin lowers the intrinsic mechanical strength of the binder resin, so that the CTL film is fragile and has a low tensile strength. Such lowering of the mechanical strength of the CTL causes the wearing of the photoconductor or forms scratches and cracks on the surface of the photoconductor.
Although some vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl anthracene, polyvinyl pyrene and poly-N-vinylcarbazole have been studied as high-molecular-weight photoconductive materials for forming a charge transporting complex for use in the conventional organic photoconductor, such polymers are not satisfactory from the viewpoint of photosensitivity.
In addition, high-molecular-weight materials having charge transporting properties have been also studied to eliminate the shortcomings of the above-mentioned layered photoconductor. For instance, there are proposed an acrylic resin having a triphenylamine structure as reported by M. Stolka et al., in “J. Polym. Sci., vol 21, 969 (1983)”; a vinyl polymer having a hydrazone structure as described in “Japan Hard Copy '89 p. 67”; an aromatic polycarbonate resin having a benzidine structure as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 64-9964; and polycarbonate resins having a triarylamine structure as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,801,517, 4,806,443, 4,806,444, 4,937,165, 4,959,288, 5,030,532, 5,034,296, and 5,080,989, and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Applications Nos. 64-9964, 3-221522, 2-304456, 4-11627, 4-175337, 4-18371, 4-31404, and 4-133065. However, any materials have not yet been put to practical use.
According to the report of “Physical Review B46 6705 (1992)” by M. A. Abkowitz et al., it is confirmed that the drift mobility of a high-molecular weight charge transport material is lower than that of a low-molecular weight material by one figure. This report is based on the comparison between the photoconductor comprising a low-molecular weight tetraarylbenzidine derivative dispersed in the photoconductive layer and the one comprising a high-molecular polycarbonate having a tetraarylbenzidine structure in its molecule. The reason for this has not yet been clarified, but this report suggests that the photoconductor employing the high-molecular weight charge transport material produces poor results in terms of the photosensitivity and the residual potential although the mechanical strength of the photoconductor is improved.
Conventionally known representative aromatic polycarbonate resins are obtained by allowing 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (hereinafter referred to as bisphenol A) to react with phosgene or diphenylcarbonate. Such polycarbonate resins made from bisphenol A are used in many fields because of their excellent characteris-tics, such as high transparency, high heat resistance, high dimensional accuracy, and high mechanical strength.
For example, this kind of polycarbonate resin is intensively studied as a binder resin for use in the organic photoconductor in the field of electrophotography. A variety of aromatic polycarbonate resins have been proposed as the binder resins for use in the charge transport layer of the layered photoconductor.
As previously mentioned, however, the mechanical strength of the aforementioned aromatic polycarbonate resin is decreased by the addition of the low-molecular-weight charge transport material in the charge transport layer of the layered electrophotographic photoconductor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore a first object of the present invention to provide an electrophotographic photoconductor free from the conventional shortcomings, which can show high photosensitivity and high durability.
A second object of the present intention is to provide an aromatic polycarbonate resin that is remarkably useful as a high-molecular-weight charge transport material for use in an organic electrophotographic photoconductor.
The above-mentioned first object of the present invention can be achieved by an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon comprising as an effective component an aromatic polycarbonate resin comprising a structural unit of formula (I):
wherein Ar
1
, Ar
2
, Ar
3
and Ar
4
are each an arylene group which may have a substituent; Ar
5
is an aryl group which may have a substituent; and R
1
is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent.
In the above-mentioned photoconductor, the structural unit of formula (I) may be represented by the following formula (III):
wherein Ar
5
and R
1
are the same as those previously defined in formula (I).
Further, the structural unit of formula (II) may be represented by formula (IV):
The first object of the present invention can also be achieved by an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon comprising as an effective component an aromatic polycarbonate resin comprising the aforementioned structural unit of formula (I) and a structural unit of the following formula (II), with the composition ratio of the structural unit of formula (I) to the structural unit of formula (II) satisfying a relationship of 0<k/(k+j)≦1, wherein k is the moiety ratio of the structural unit of formula (I) and j is the moiety ratio of the structural unit of formula (II):
wherein X is a bivalent aliphatic group, a bivalent cyclic aliphatic group, a bivalent aromatic group, a bivalent group obtained by bonding the above-mentioned bivalent groups, or
in which R
2
, R
3
, R
4
and R
5
are each independently an alkyl group which may have a substituent, an aryl group which may have a substituent, or a halogen atom; a and b are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, c and d are each independently an integer of 0 to 3; and m is an integer of 0 or 1, provided that when m=1, Y is a straight-chain alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO
2
—, —CO—,
in which Z
1
and Z
2
are each a bivalent aliphatic group which may have a substituent or an arylene group which may have a substituent, and R
6
, R
7
, R
8
, R
9
, R
10
, R
11
and R
12
are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which nay have a substituent, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent, and R
6
and R
7
may form a carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring having 6 to 12 carbon atoms together, or may form a carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring in combination with R
2
and R
3
; p and q are each an integer of 0 or 1, provided that when p and q represent 1, R
12
and R
14
are each an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R
15
and R
16
are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aryl group which may have a substituent; e is an integer of 0 to 4; f is an integer of 0 to 20; and g is an integer of 0 to 2000.
In the above-mentioned electrophot
Katayama Akira
Kawamura Shin'ichi
Morooka Katsuhiro
Nagai Katsukiyo
Sasaki Masaomi
Boykin Terressa M.
Oblon & Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt P.C.
Ricoh & Company, Ltd.
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