Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products – Electrostatic field or electrical discharge
Patent
1986-04-23
1988-09-20
Valentine, Donald R.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
Electrostatic field or electrical discharge
204231, 204260, 204284, 204151, 204DIG5, 204301, C02F 146, C25B 1500, C25D 1302
Patent
active
047723696
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention utilizes the electromagnetic properties of electric currents for the conditioning and demineralization of water.
Apparatuses utilizing the passage of an electric current between two electrodes submerged in water can be grouped in three families:
1. Those which utilize electricity with a voltage which allows for complete electrolysis (9 volts and higher) and generally by cyclical discharge;
2. Those which utilize electricity with a voltage less than 3 volts which allow for only a partial electrolysis with formation of a polarization layer on the cathode, generally in continuous current; in these two families the anode absorbs the electrons transported by electrophoresis and the electrification by influence, which interferes with the effect sought;
3. The electrodialysis process which utilizes the migration of positive ions across a C type membrane and the migration of negative ions across a type A membrane under the influence of a continuous voltage between two electrodes. This process runs into substantial difficulties; the membranes allow ions to pass which they should stop, their electrical resistance and the polarization increase the consumption of energy, the deposits of salts, and the living organisms are disruptive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The process and apparatus according to the invention are based upon the apparatus explained in the application filed in France under No. 84 13233 and compliments it in such a way as to obtain a more or less forced demineralization without utilization of C or A type membranes.
The invention differs from existing processes in that a difference of electrical potential of less than 3 volts established between an electro denominated "strong cathode" and an electrode denominated "weak cathode" fed by two simultaneous electrical currents, continuous or impulsive, in opposite directions and of different voltages. The choice of the voltages determines the difference of potential sought between the strong cathode and the weak cathode corresponding to a salt contained in the water, calcium carbonate for example.
The system is maintained at the selected voltage by a stabilizer. A current of electrons flows from the strong cathode to the weak cathode acting as an anode, limited by the opposition of the inverse voltage. This current engenders an electromagnetic field acting on the salts contained in the water which traverses the treatment chamber, otherwise denominated ionization and neutralization chamber. For a better understanding, we look to the case of the hydrogen carbonate or calcium Ca(H C O.sub.3) which is subjected to the action of the electromagnetic field and decomposes into calcium carbonate (Ca C O.sub.3), carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), hydrogen and hydroxyl OH. The potential of the forming Ca CO.sub.3 particles is less than that of the weak cathode and at greater rate than that of the strong cathode: the forming Ca CO.sub.3 particles are in the anode position vis-a-vis the electrodes of the apparatus. The Ca CO.sub.3 particles which are forming are directed towards the strong cathode and are slowed down in their displacement by the attraction of the weak cathode. The totality of the Ca CO.sub.3 particles which are forming constitute within the water a "temporary anode". A calcareous covering forms on the strong cathode. One interposes a supplemental handicap to the passage of the current by means of a static resistance which has for effect to lower the potential difference between the electrodes and to promote the formation and thickening of the polerization layer. The Ca CO.sub.3 is said to be neutral and the calcareous covering constitutes a dieletric in relation to its thickness. The electromagnetic waves which traverse the dieletric covering accentuate the excitation of the peripheral electrons of the Ca CO.sub.3 particles and their friction. This excitation is maximum at the internal surface of the covering. The difference in potential rises as a function of the thickness and the excitation of the dieletric l
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Lobry Andre
Mercier Dominique
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