Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Rotary
Utility Patent
1999-11-02
2001-01-02
Ramirez, Nestor (Department: 2836)
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Rotary
C310S06800R, C029S056600
Utility Patent
active
06169349
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to electrical machines of the rotary type and, more particularly, to motors powered by direct current, preferably supplied from batteries.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Electrical motors are currently used to provide motive power in many familiar devices ranging from small actuators to large industrial systems and including transportation vehicles such as urban railroads. In many cases, provision of electrical power to such motors presents no serious problem such as in stationary motor installations or where the power requirements are small and battery power is feasible and relatively economical. In transportation vehicles, however, some difficulties arise due to the mobile nature of the application and the amount of power required. For that reason, the use of electrical motors in vehicles has only become widespread where power can be supplied through a stationary structure to which the vehicle's motion is constrained, such as in electrically powered railway vehicles.
If the vehicle motion is not so constrained, as in automobiles, power must be provided from batteries which are carried in the vehicle, adding significantly to vehicle weight in an amount often comparable to or greater than the payload of the vehicle. During use of the vehicle, the weight of the vehicle and payload, as well as the batteries, must be accelerated repeatedly, requiring substantial amounts of power simply for the transportation of the batteries themselves. Accordingly, efficiency of the motor becomes of paramount importance in such applications in order to develop an acceptable range and operating time of the vehicle for each recharge of the batteries.
The ability to control operating speed of a motor is also of special importance in many applications, including transportation vehicles. While alternating current motor designs have been able to achieve relatively high efficiencies, motor speed in alternating current machines is largely controlled by the frequency of the voltage used to power the machines and only a limited amount of slip (e.g. in induction motors) is tolerable. Variation of the power supply frequency is often impractical where the power is drawn from commercial electric power distribution systems and, in any event, the apparatus necessary for power frequency control over a wide range is extensive and eliminates much of the efficiency advantages of alternating current machines in applications where variable speed is required.
Direct current machines, on the other hand, can provide speed control by control of input voltage relative to the load with relatively simple electrical circuitry. In traditional DC motors using commutators, the geometry of the stator and rotor fields is substantially fixed and torque and speed vary with the applied voltage, the load which must be driven and the windage and other losses in the motor, itself.
In designs of stepping motors and in pancake motor designs, in particular, magnetic elements such as permanent magnets or elements of high permeance material are placed at periodically spaced locations on a rotor disk and a sequence of pulses applied to stators located periodically around the rotor and in registration with the path of the magnetic elements in order to attract and/or repel them to cause rotary motion of the rotor.
The availability of such d-c motors is particularly of interest at the present time for use in electric automobiles which are considered to offer a promising solution of the environmental problems associated with gasoline powered automobiles.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,936, issued Aug. 13, 1996 to the author of the present invention utilizes a pancake-like structure with the stators distributed about the circumference of the rotor in a manner similar to the arrangement of the presently disclosed structure. The present invention, however, employs pulsed electromagnets in the rotor whereas the device of U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,936 is a reluctance type machine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a relatively high power motor that is operable from a relatively low voltage d-c source.
It is another object of this invention to provide such a motor in a form which is readily adaptable to applications requiring precise speed control over a wide range.
It is a further object of this invention to provide such a motor which will operate at high electrical efficiency.
A still further object of this invention is to provide such a motor in compact and light-weight form relative to its power capability.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the following description proceeds and the features of novelty which characterize the invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.
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McGue Frank J.
Ramirez Nestor
Waks Joseph
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