Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1974-11-21
1978-04-18
Prescott, Arthur C.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
210149, 204268, 210169, C02B 182
Patent
active
040850285
ABSTRACT:
Bipolar cells are designed to permit the introduction of full wave, half wave, or time proportioned, rectified and unfiltered current into a special electrolysis zone which contains coated titanium anodes and steel cathodes with nonconducting baffles which protrude beyond each bipolar electrode in water containing dilute salt solutions. Thereby voltage transformers are eliminated and amperages are very much decreased and easily controlled. For the chlorination of swimming pools, all of the filtered pool water is passed directly through the bipolar electrodes at velocities between 3 and 6 feet per second. This direct liquid flow combined with time proportioned electric current and with iron or stainless steel cathodes prevents the accumulation of precipitates in the cell and permits the control of a wide range of chlorine concentrations while prolonging the life of the coated anodes. Because there is substantially no voltage or current control, shielding strips are required to protect the edges of electrodes from electrochemical corrosion without impeding the flow of water. Also, grounded screens must be placed sufficiently far from the bipolar electrodes at both entrance and exit ends so that voltage gradients between facing positive and negative electrodes in each bipolar cell are substantially greater than voltage gradients between any electrode and the grounding screens. For normal operations and up to 50 percent of the emergency requirements of local health authorities, a half wave rectification is preferred. For emergency superchlorination, full wave rectification is employed. A novel structure for bipolar electrodes is described and used in large and small devices for making hypochlorite solutions.
REFERENCES:
patent: 1905295 (1933-04-01), Lima, Jr.
patent: 3192146 (1965-06-01), Vellas et al.
patent: 3242059 (1966-03-01), Cottam et al.
patent: 3485729 (1969-12-01), Hertz
patent: 3563879 (1971-02-01), Richards et al.
patent: 3769196 (1973-10-01), Vikey
patent: 3774246 (1973-11-01), Beer
patent: 3835020 (1974-09-01), Galneder
Dept. of Commerce, "Manual of Patent Examining Procedure", pp. 59, 60, 63, 64 and 72.
Electro-Chlor Corporation
Prescott Arthur C.
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