Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1977-05-04
1978-12-12
Tufariello, T. M.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
204269, 204275, C25C 700, C25C 704
Patent
active
041294947
ABSTRACT:
Outlet weir of tank is lower than inlet and electrolyte is forced to flow in alternately downward and upward paths between anodes and cathodes at velocities in excess of 10 feet per minute and preferably 20 to 100 feet per minute. Cathodes (or anodes) are spaced from bottom of tank for flow underneath and anodes (or cathodes) have an upper edge of active area over which electrolyte flows, to produce upward and downward paths. Difference of electrolyte level between downward and upward flow cycles is at least 1/4 inch and not more than 6 inches, while spacing between adjacent electrodes is at least 1/4 inch and not more than 3 inches. Levels of upper edges of active areas may be consecutively lower and bottom of tank may slope downwardly to correspond.
Electrolyte velocity eliminates or reduces ion-deficient film tending to form on electrode faces, with advantages including formation of more coherent, smooth and dense deposits, good quality deposits at higher current densities, reduction in voltage drop, improvement in cathode current efficiency, reduction in impurities in the cathode deposits, efficient electrowinning from very dilute solutions of metal and maintenance of slurry suspensions of ground ore in electrolyte for concurrent leaching and electrowinning.
Electrically non-conductive sheets may be placed in down path between cathode and anode, as on face of cathode, to restrict deposition to upflow surface, with elimination of bubbles on downflow surface, which interfere with electro-deposition.
REFERENCES:
patent: 700941 (1902-05-01), Keith
patent: 968492 (1910-08-01), McDorman
patent: 1207261 (1916-12-01), Alling
patent: 3389071 (1968-06-01), Meyers
Lowe Frank C.
Tufariello T. M.
Van Valkenburgh Horace B.
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