Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1982-07-19
1985-08-27
Niebling, John F.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
204192SP, 204192C, 502101, 427 38, 427 39, C25B 1100, C25C 1500
Patent
active
045376743
ABSTRACT:
An improved anode for acting as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis. The anode provides lower overvoltages, good kinetics, chemical and mechanical stability, low heat of oxygen adsorption and low operating costs. The anode material is formed from a host matrix including at least one transition element, preferably Co, Ni or Mn, which is structurally modified by incorporating one or more modifier elements, one of which may also be a transition element, to improve its catalytic properties. Modifier elements, including for example Co, Ni, Sr, Li, In, K, Sn, C, O, Mn, Ru and Al structurally modify the local chemical environments of the host matrix to provide a material having an increased density of catalytically active sites. The catalytic material can be formed by vacuum deposition techniques such as by cosputtering the host matrix and modifier elements to form a layer of catalytic material on an electrode substrate. The material may also include a leachable modifier element, such as Li, Al or Zn, which is partially removed to further modify the material and enhance its catalytic activity. After formation, the material may be subjected to a heat treatment in an oxygen containing atmosphere and/or subjected to an electrochemical treatment such as a cathodic treatment or a rapid anodic-cathodic pulsing to increase the catalytic activity of the material by forming highly active oxides. The electrochemical treatments significantly lower the overvoltages exhibited by the anodes of the present invention.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4116804 (1978-09-01), Needes
patent: 4257856 (1981-03-01), Beni
patent: 4275126 (1981-06-01), Bergmann
patent: 4328080 (1982-05-01), Harris
Liang Gao
Ovshinsky Stanford R.
Sapru Krishna
Energy Conversion Devices Inc.
Niebling John F.
Norris Lawrence G.
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