Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
Reexamination Certificate
1999-07-07
2001-04-17
Chaney, Carol (Department: 1745)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Include electrolyte chemically specified and method
C429S225000, C429S204000, C429S205000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06218052
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a battery electrolyte and a method for producing the same, more particularly, to a high-energy lead-acid storage battery electrolyte and a method for producing said battery electrolyte.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In a common lead-acid storage battery, generally, anode is made of lead dioxide and cathode is made of lead, and the battery electrolyte is a sulfuric acid electrolyte. When connected with an external load, the battery will discharge to generate an electrical current; the reactions on electrodes are as follows:
Anode: PbO
2
+SO
4
2
31 4H
+
2e→PbO
4
+2H
2
O
Cathode: Pb+SO
4
2
→PbSO
4
+2e
Thus, lead dioxide on the anode is converted to lead sulfate, and lead on the cathode is also converted to lead sulfate. Once lead sulfate is formed, it will adliere to electrodes because of its extreme insolubility. The total chemical reaction of the discharging process is:
Pb+2H
2
SO
4
+PbO
2
→2PbSO
4
+2H
2
O
The voltage of a single cell of the battery is 2.04V. During discharging, the amount of sulfuric acid in the battery electrolyte decreases, and the amount of water increases.
When connected with an external power source, the battery is charged, the electric current passes through the battery backward, the reactions on the two electrodes are carried out just in a reverse direction to that when discharging, lead and lead dioxide are formed by the reaction of lead sulfate on the anode and cathode respectively, and adhere to their respective electrodes, and water is absorbed. The battery comes back to its initial state. The chemical reaction is taken place as follows:
2PbSO
4
+2H
2
O→Pb+2H
2
SO
4
+PbO
2
The water is electrolyzed simultaneously while the battery is charged, as a result, the water is electrolyzed to hydrogen and oxygen which are then released. The following reactions are taken place:
Anode: 4OH
−
→2H
2
O+O
2
+4e
Cathode: 2H
+
+2e→H
2
The extent of such reactions depends upon the conditions of charging. The reactions would be enhanced when charging is about to complete.
Thus, water must be added frequently during the electrolyzing process in order to make up for the consumption of water, and charging must proceed with caution to prevent hydrogen released in battery from burning and explosion in the air.
At present, the colloidal electrolyte in a lead-acid storage battery is generally prepared by mixing a sodium silicate solution with a sulfuric acid solution. This electrolyte is convenient for use, maintenance, storage and transport, as it is in a colloid state and hardly flows. In addition, the colloidal electrolyte can protect the active subatance from stripping away from electrodes, thus the service life of the battery can be prolonged for more than 20%. However, the internal resistance of a colloidal electrolyte is higher than that of a sulfuric acid electrolyte, thus, the internal resistance of this storage battery is increased and the capacity is reduced.
Swiss Patent No.391807 discloses a lead-acid storage battery with thixtropic colloidal electrolyte. Chinese Patent Application under publication No. 1056019 also discloses a high-capacity colloidal electrolyte and a method for producing the same. Though the colloidal electrolyte and the lead-acid storage battery having a colloidal electrolyte can reduce solution evaporation, percolation and corrosion, to the technical problems in lead-acid storage battery have not been solved completely, and the capacity has not been increased.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a high-energy lead-acid storage battery electrolyte, which is not only safe and reliable in use, is but also nonpollution to the environment, effective to inhibit gas forming, and can prevent the battery electrode plates from sulphurization, and prolong the battery service life and, more importantly, increase the capacity of lead-acid storage battery by about 30~100%.
The electrolyte according to the present invention comprises mainly the following raw materials as components(by weight):
ET-90 stabilizer
1.5 ~ 9.6%
Nickel sulfate
0.005 ~ 0.04%
Cobalt sulfate
0.003 ~ 0.025%
Aluminium sulfate
2 ~ 4.8%
Sodium sulfate
1.3 ~ 3.7%
Aluminium phosphate
2 ~ 6.3%
Lithium iodide
0.09 ~ 0.3%
Colloidal silica (silica sol)
17.6 ~ 24%
Lithium chloride
0.09 ~ 0.31%
Lithium carbonate
1.3 ~ 5%
Magnesium sulfate
1.2 ~ 5.9%
Sulfuric acid (A.R grade)
7 ~ 11.6%
Pure water
39 ~ 60%
wherein said ET-90 comprises:
High purity water
82 ~ 91%
Sodium silicate (A.R. grade)
7 ~ 10%
Sodium sulfate
2 ~ 8%
The preferred proportioning of said components in the electrolyte is as follows:
ET-90 stabilizer
2 ~ 8%
Nickel sulfate
0.017 ~ 0.02%
Cobalt sulfate
0.005 ~ 0.01%
Aluminium sulfate
3 ~ 4%
Sodium sulfate
2 ~ 3%
Aluminium phosphate
4 ~ 4.5%
Lithium iodide
0.15 ~ 0.2%
Colloidal silica (silica sol)
19.5 ~ 20%
Lithium chloride
0.15 ~ 0.2%
Lithium carbonate
2.5 ~ 3%
Magnesium sulfate
3 ~ 5%
Sulfuric acid (A.R grade)
9.5 ~ 10%
Pure water
47.9 ~ 52.7%
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a high-energy lead-acid storage battery electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as type high-energy battery electrolyte) which can be obtained by using a given ratio of the raw materials stated above according to the following steps:
a). preparing a high polymer catalyst which is formed by diluting nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, aluminium sulfate, sodium sulfate, aluminium phosphate, lithium iodide, lithium carbonate, magnesium sulfate and lithium chloride with high-purity water respectively to a specific weight of 1.015~1.04, letting them touch, mix, dissolve and carry out reactions by stirring till the resulting mixture being emulsified;
b). diluting the silica sol with high-purity water to a specific weight of 1.015~1.04;
c). passing the obtained solution in step b) through a cationic exchange column, from where the pH becomes 3-4; an anionic exchange column, from where the pH becomes 7-8; and a mixed anionic and cationic resin exchange column, then entering into a reactor, adjusting the pH value of the obtained solution to pH=8~14 with ET-90 stabilizer to reach a specific weight of 1.01~1.09 at room temperature, and then concentrating the resulting solution;
d). heating the obtained solution in step c) to a temperature of 70~80° C., then adding sulfuric acid (A.R. grade) into it with stirring;
e). adding the high polymer catalyst to said solution, dissolving it by touching, stirring and mixing the resulting mixture homogeneously, then heating the reactor, emulsifying the solution by introducing an emulsifier to form a paste, thereby obtaining a high-energy storage battery electrolyte.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a high-energy lead-acid storage battery (hereinafter referred to as a high-energy battery), which can be obtained by adding said battery electrolyte according to the present invention to a dry-state battery according to the following steps:
a). soaking a new dry-state lead-acid storage battery in pure water to let its electrode plates fully absorb water till saturated;
b). pouring out the pure water from the battery, then adding immediately the battery electrolyte prepared according to the present invention;
c). discharging the battery with its corresponding load to reduce the voltage of the battery to less than 6V, thereby forming a high-energy battery.
Further another object of the present invention is to provide a high-energy lead-acid storage battery(hereinafter referred to as a high-energy battery), which has the advantages of high-capacity, compact size and long service life, as well as rapid charging, low charging consumption, and also adaptability to heavy current discharging.
The battery according to the present invention mainly comprises
Chaney Carol
Jenkens & Gilchrist P.C.
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