Electrode materials for electrochemical cells

Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Electrode

Reexamination Certificate

Rate now

  [ 0.00 ] – not rated yet Voters 0   Comments 0

Details

C429S223000, C429S224000, C429S231600, C429S229000, C429S231950, C429S231100, C252S182100

Reexamination Certificate

active

07629080

ABSTRACT:
A lithiated metal phosphate material is doped by a portion of the lithium atoms which are present at the M2 sites of the material. The doped material has the general formula: Li1+xM1−x−dDdPO4. In the formula, M is a divalent ion of one or more of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. D is a divalent metal ion which is one or more of Mg, Ca, Zn, and Ti. It is present in an amount represented by the subscript d which has a value ranging from 0 to 0.1. The portion of the lithium which is present at the M2 octahedral sites of the material is represented by the subscript x and is greater than 0 and no more than 0.07. Also disclosed are electrodes which incorporate the material as well as batteries, including lithium ion batteries, which include cathodes fabricated from the doped, lithiated metal phosphate materials.

REFERENCES:
patent: 5871866 (1999-02-01), Barker et al.
patent: 5910382 (1999-06-01), Goodenough et al.
patent: 6085015 (2000-07-01), Armand et al.
patent: 6136472 (2000-10-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6153333 (2000-11-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6203946 (2001-03-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6387568 (2002-05-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6447951 (2002-09-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6514640 (2003-02-01), Armand et al.
patent: 6528033 (2003-03-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6645452 (2003-11-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6702961 (2004-03-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6716372 (2004-04-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6720110 (2004-04-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6723470 (2004-04-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6730281 (2004-05-01), Barker et al.
patent: 6814764 (2004-11-01), Hosoya et al.
patent: 2003/0082454 (2003-05-01), Armand et al.
patent: 2251709 (1997-10-01), None
patent: 0904607 (1999-03-01), None
patent: 9740541 (1997-10-01), None
Allen et al. “Li1+xFe1−xPO4: electronically conductive lithium iron phospho-olivines with improved electrochemical performance” Proceedings-Electrochemical Society (2004), 2003-28 (Lithium and Lithium-ion batteries), 198-205. This paper presented at the Lithium-Ion Battery Symposium at theElectrochemical Society Fall Meeting held Oct, 2003.
Thackeray, Michael, “Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Unexpected Conductor,” 2002 Nature Publishing Group, vol. 1, Nature Materials 1, 81-82 (2002).
Pahdi, K.A., Nanjundaswamy, K.S. & Goodenough, J.B. Phospho-olivines as positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 1188-1194 (1997).
Andersson, A.S., Thomas, J.0., Kalska, B. & Häggström, L. Thermal stability of LiFePO4-based cathodes. Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 3, 66-68 (2000).
MacNeil, D.D., Lu, Z.H., Chen, Z.H.& Dahn, J.R. A comparison of the electrode/electrolyte reaction at elevated temperatures for various Li-ion battery cathodes. J. Power Sources, 108, 8-14 (2002).
Takahashi, M., Tobishima, S., Takei, K. & Sakurai, Y. Reaction behavior of L1FePO4 as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Solid State Ionics 148, 283-289 (2002).
Ravet, N. et al. Improved iron based cathode material. Abstract No. 127, Electrochemical Society Fall Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, (1999).
Huang, H., Yin, S.-C., & Nazar, L.F. Approaching theoretical capacity of LiFePO4 at room temperature at high rates. Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 4, A170-A172 (2001).
Prosini, P.P., Zane, D. & Pasquali, M. Improved electrochemical performance of a LiFePO4-based composite cathode. Electrochim. Acta, 46, 3517-3523 (2001).
Yamada, A, Chung, S.C. & Hinokuma, K. Optimized LiFePO4 for lithium battery cathodes. J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A224-A229 (2001).
Chung, S.-Y., Bloking, J.T. & Chiang, Y.-M. Electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes. Nat. Mater. 1, 123-128 (2002).
Ravet, N. Abouimrane, A. & Armand, M. From our readers—On the electronic conductivity of phosphoolivines as lithium storage electrodes. Nat. Mater. 2, 702 (2003).
Herle, P.S., Ellis, B., Coombs, N. & Nazar, L.F., Nano-network electronic conduction in iron and nickel olivine phosphates. Nat. Mater. 3, 147-152 (2004).
Shannon, R.D. Revised effective ionic-radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. Sect.A, 32, 751-767 (1976).
Nordgren, G. Bray, S. Cramm, R. Nyholm, J.-E. Rubcnsson, N. Wassdahl, “Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy using monochromatized synchrotron radiation.” Review of Scientific Instruments (1989), 60(7, Pt. 2A), 1690-6 CODEN: RSINAK; ISSN: 0034-6748.
Molenda, J., Stoklosa, A. & Bak, T. Modifications in the electronic structure of cobalt bronze LixCoO2 and the resulting electrochemical properties. Solid State Ionics, 36, 53-58 (1989).
Shimakawa, Y., Numata, T. & Tabuchi, J. Verwey-type transition and magnetic properties of the LiMn2O4 spinels. J. Solid State Chem., 131, 138-143 (1997).
Kawai, H., Nagatab, M., Kageyamac, H., Tukamoto, H. & West, A.R. 5 V lithium cathodes based on spinel solid solutions Electrochim. Acta, 45, 315-327 (1999).
A. Augustsson, G. V. Zhuang et al “Electronic Structure of Phospho-olivines LixFePO4 ,x=0,1 . . . from soft-x-ray-absorption and -emission spectroscopies,” The Journal of Chemical Physics 123, 184717 (2005).
F.M.F. de Groot, J. e. Fuggle, B.T. thole and G. A. Sawatzky, “2p x-ray absorption of 3d transition-metal compounds: An atomic multiplet description including the crystal field,” Phys. Rev. B. 42, 5459 (1990).
G. van der Laan and J. W. Kirkman, “The 2p absorption spectra of 3d transition metal compounds in tetrahedral and octahedral symmetry,” J Phys. Can dens. Matter, 4, 4189 (1992).
F.M.F. de Groot. M. Grioni, J.e. Fuggle, 1. Ghijsen, G.A. Sawatzky and H. Petersen, “Oxygen 1s X-ray Absorption Edges of transition metal oxides,” Phys. Rev. B, 40,5715 (1989)T.

LandOfFree

Say what you really think

Search LandOfFree.com for the USA inventors and patents. Rate them and share your experience with other people.

Rating

Electrode materials for electrochemical cells does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Electrode materials for electrochemical cells, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Electrode materials for electrochemical cells will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

     

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4053025

  Search
All data on this website is collected from public sources. Our data reflects the most accurate information available at the time of publication.