Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Electrode
Patent
1984-06-13
1986-01-21
Skapars, Anthony
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Electrode
429194, H01M 400
Patent
active
045657548
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the construction of electrodes for organic batteries which utilize organic conductive material as the electrodes, and it is characteristic in the extension of the life of the electrodes achieved by covering the surfaces thereof with a layer or mesh consisting mainly of carbon.
BACKGROUND ART
The present invention relates particularly to the electrodes of organic batteries, although such organic batteries that utilize lithium perchlorate (LiClO.sub.4) as an electrolyte and polyacetylene as electrodes are made available to the public at for example "Lightweight Rechargeable Storage Batteries Using Polyacetylene, (CH) x as the Cathode-Active Material" (Lightweight Rechargeable Storage Batteries Using Polyacetylene, (CH) x as the Anode-Active Material), P.1651-P.1654, in a column ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY) of J. Electrochem. Soc. (Journal of Electrochemical Society), August issue of Showa 56 (1981).
According to the investigations of the inventors, it was found that water remaining or mixing into the electrolyte affects the life of the battery. That is, it was found that in the organic battery utilizing an organic conductive material for the electrodes oxygen and hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of water remaining in the electrolyte react with the organic conductive material to decrease the conductivity thereof, thereby to decrease the output of the battery. When the organic conductive material is used for an anode of the organic battery, a hydroxyl ion (OH.sup.-) generated by the electrolysis of the water at charging operation becomes an oxygen atom on the arrival thereof at the anode, and it reacts with the organic conductive material to decrease the conductivity of the organic conductive material, thus decreasing the output of the battery. On the other hand, a hydrogen ion (H.sup.+) generated on the electrolysis of water at charging operation gathers around a cathode. Therefore, it reacts with the organic conductive material to decrease the conductivity likewise and then decrease the output from the battery.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
Carbon has a nature to form carbonyl group (.dbd.C.dbd.O) when it reacts with an active oxygen. Therefore, if the surface of the anode made of organic conductive material is covered by carbon material, the hydroxyl ion (OH.sup.-) generated on the electrolysis of water at charging operation reacts with the carbon material to form carbonyl group when it reaches the anode to become an oxygen atom. Further the carbonyl group thus formed makes carboxyl group (--COOH) when it further reacts with the hydroxyl ion. Therefore the organic electrode does not degrade, and the conductivity is maintained, thus preventing the decrease of the output from the battery. On the other hand in a cathode a hydrogen ion (H.sup.+) generated by the electrolysis of water at charging operation gathers around the electrode. If the surface of the carbon material is partially oxidized in advance to form the carbonyl group, the carbonyl group reacts with the hydrogen ion to easily form aldehyde group (--CHO), thus the hydrogen ion generated does not react with the electrode made of organic conductive material but reacts with the carbon material. Therefore, the electrode does not degrade to maintain the conductivity, preventing the decrease of the output from the battery likewise.
Thus according to the present invention the surface of the electrode made of organic conductive material is partially covered by carbon material, therefore the degradation of the electrodes caused by oxygen and hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of water is prevented. At the same time, it becomes possible to completely and air-tightly enclose the battery because the oxygen and hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of water are both trapped at the surface of the carbon material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a partially broken perspective view showing an example of the electrode of the organic battery o
REFERENCES:
patent: 4321114 (1982-03-01), MacDiarmid et al.
patent: 4375427 (1983-03-01), Miller et al.
patent: 4496640 (1985-01-01), Kobayashi et al.
"Lightweight Rechargeable Storage Batteries Using Polyacetylene, (CH)x as the Cathode-Active Material", J. Electrochem. Soc.: Electrochemical Science and Technology, Aug. 1981, pp. 1651-1654.
Muramatsu Hiromochi
Watanabe Atsushi
Nippondenso Co. Ltd.
Skapars Anthony
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