Electrochromic device

Details Electrochromic device Electrochromic device

2002-05-03

2003-12-02

Jones, Deborah (Department: 1775)

Optical: systems and elements

Optical modulator

Light wave temporal modulation

C359S270000, C359S273000, C428S457000, C428S704000, C428S702000, C428S425900, C428S411100, C428S469000, C428S689000, C428S500000, C252S582000, C252S583000, C252S586000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06657768

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to electrochromic devices which have an extensive use varied from transmission-type devices such as smart windows, reflective-type devices such as antiglare mirrors for automobiles, reflective-type devices such as decorative mirrors to displays.
A method of forming a chromogenic layer for an electrochromic device is known from Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 63-18336 disclosing a method in which a film of chromogenic layer is formed by vacuum-epaporation or sputtering an inorganic oxide such as tungsten oxide (WO
3
) over a transparent electrically conductive film. However, this method requires techniques carried out under vacuum conditions, which lead to elevated production costs.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
After an extensive research and study, it has been found that the foregoing disadvantage can be overcome by providing an electrochromic device having a structure described below.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electrochromic device having an ion conductive layer obtained by curing a composition containing (A) a bipyridinium compound represented by formula (1), (B) a metallocene compound represented by formula (2) or (2′) and (C) a precursor of a polymeric solid electrolyte, disposed between two electrically conductive substrates at least one of which is transparent,
formula (1) being
wherein X
−
and Y
−
may be the same or different and are each independently a counter anion selected from the group consisting of an halogen anion, ClO
4−
, BF
4
−
, PF
6
−
, CH
3
COO
−
and CH
3
(C
6
H
4
)SO
3
−
, R
1
is hydrogen or a C
1
-C
5
alkyl group, R
2
is a C
1
-C
30
divalent hydrocarbon residue, R
3
is a C
1
-C
20
hydrocarbon residue and a is an integer of 0 or 1; formulae (2) and (2′) being
wherein R
4
and R
5
are each independently a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of C
1
-C
10
alkyl, alkenyl and aryl groups, if R
4
or R
5
is an aryl group, the aromatic ring may form a condensation ring by bonding to a cyclopentadienyl ring, n
1
is an integer of 0≦n
1
≦4, n
2
is an integer of
0≦n
2
≦5, A and A′ may be the same or different and are each independently a monovalent group, m is 0 or 1, M is selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, Fe, Mg, Ni, Os, Ru and V, M′ is selected from the group consisting of Hf, Mo, Nb, Ti, V and Zr and Q and Q′ may be the same or different and each are independently hydrogen, halogen and a C
1
-C
12
alkyl group;
formula (A) being
wherein R
6
is hydrogen or methyl group, R
7
is hydrogen or methyl group, b is 0 or 1 and provided that R
7
is hydrogen if b is 0.
According to the other embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electrochromic device having an ion conductive layer obtained by curing the composition further containing (D) an ultraviolet absorbing compound having an ethylenic double bond.


REFERENCES:
patent: 5910854 (1999-06-01), Varaprasad et al.
patent: 0 612 826 (1994-08-01), None

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